On 3/24/2017 6:13 PM, Felix Malmenbeck wrote:
== DISCUSSION ONLY: No new requests in this message. ==
Another thing that might be useful for discussing pumping is expressions for describing repeated actions. Examples of useful distinctions might include:
repeatedly do and then undo
This is the sort of thing Klingon doesn't do generically, but it does well specifically. For instance, *bagh; ghIq baghHa'*/tie; then untie./
(ir)regularly
I would expect *roD* /regularly /and **roDHa'* /irregularly /for this, though the latter is unattested.
periodically
Either *roD* or *rut* will work for this, depending on which meaning of /periodically/ you mean.
cyclically ad infinitum with (increasing/decreasing/oscillating/unchanged) amplitude with (increasing/decreasing/oscillating/unchanged) frequency
For example, if we pretend that we have adverbs with these "definitions":
{[irregularly] joqtaH tIqwIj.} ("My heart is beating irregularly.")
Right now we can say *roD joqtaHbe' tIqwIj,* though it would be nice if we knew we could say **roDHa' joqtaH tIqwIj.*
{[with increasing frequency] rontaH peng.} ("The torpedo is spinning (about its axis) faster and faster.")
We can currently say things like *DIngtaH peng 'ej ghurtaH Do*/the torpedo is spinning and the velocity is increasing. /I wonder if *tajvaj Do* works for /angular velocity.../
{[with increasing frequecny] [with decreasing amplitude] bavchuqtaH luSpetmey.} ("The black holes were orbiting each other closer and closer and faster and faster.")
Again, we can approximate this (and I'm not saying that makes the suggestions invalid) with *bavchuqtaH luSpetmey; choltaH 'ej ghurtaH Dochaj*/the black holes are orbiting each other; they are getting closer and their speeds are increasing./ I would point out that we do have a canonical example of the expression of something with increasing frequency, though not of the kind you mean: *beyHom bey bey'a' jachtaH */roar in a great crescendo /(SkyBox S31). Who knows? If this sort of thing can be generalized, perhaps we can say **DoHom Do Do'a'* for /faster and faster./
{[repeatedly] [do and undo] chovnatlh bIrmoH QulwI'.} ("The researcher cooled and heated the sample.")
/Cooled and heated/ is certainly *bIrmoHta' 'ej tujmoHta'* /made cold and made hot;/ no special word is needed.
{[ad infinitum] [cyclically] [do and undo] Sach 'u' 'e' luHar 'op tejpu'.} ("Some scientists believe that the universe expands and contracts in an eternal cycle.")
*reH* /always /seems to work for /eternal///, and *Sach 'ej SachHa'* means /expand and contract./ It's just the /cycle/ part that's tricky. -- SuStel http://trimboli.name