In paq'batlh, the author often uses {X-DI' Y} to express things like "They X:ed in a Y:ish way." where the English uses adverbs. For example: qachvam vIcheghDI' charghwI' jIH jInaS jImupDI' I don't have the English translation here, but it was something like "I will strike viciously." ________________________________ From: tlhIngan-Hol <tlhingan-hol-bounces@lists.kli.org> on behalf of Steven Boozer <sboozer@uchicago.edu> Sent: Friday, February 9, 2018 19:26 To: tlhingan-hol@kli.org Subject: Re: [tlhIngan Hol] Adverbiality and the verb {Da} FYI, Da behave as, act in the manner of in canon: nepwI' Daba' He is obviously lying. TKD SuvwI' DameH puqloDwI' vIghojHa'moH DaH 'e' vItlhoj I see now, I have failed to raise my son a man. PB yejquv DevwI' moj ghawran 'e' wuqta' cho' 'oDwI' Dapu'bogh janluq pIqarD HoD. Gowron... named leader of the High Council by Captain Jean-Luc Picard, who was acting as Arbiter of Succession. S25 Note that the above have a noun as the object of Da. The second example with the -meH purpose clause is similar to what you want. A -bogh relative clause is another way to add an adverbial-like phrase. Here are the other two examples I know for the sake of thoroughness: jIlay'ta' 'ej batlh jIpabta' vaj choDanIS I have kept my word of honor, and so should you PB HaDlu'meH, QuSlu'meH, SuDlu'meH lojmIt Da logh Hop Hut tengchaH. vaj loghDaq lenglaHtaH Humanpu' space station Deep Space Nine is the gateway for the exploration, intrigue and enterprise that mark the continuation of the human adventure into space... S99 -- Voragh Ca'Non Master of the Klingons From: demonchaux.aurelie - A adverb, by definition, is used to specify the manner in which an action is carried out - The Klingon verb {Da} means "behave as, act in the manner of" Taking this into account, wouldn't it make sense to use <noun + Da> to convey the same meaning as an adverb? For instance: He fought bravely: Suv ghaH, yoHwI' Da He spoke calmy: jatlh ghaH, jotwI' Da He shouted angrily: jach ghaH, QeHwI' Da What do you think? ghItlhjaj