Am 30.06.2021 um 00:15 schrieb Will Martin:
FWI, that thing might be a {Sam}, but it is NOT a shawm. They didn’t have valves in Medieval and Renaissance times, and a shawm had ONE bell, not one for each note, and a shawm is a wooden instrument, not a metal one.
Oh that is interesting, and basically, you are right. BUT... The thing that Okrand is playing here really is *some kind of* shawm. I am not an expert, but I'll try to explain: The German word for shawm is Schalmei, and that originally referred to what you desscribed, the mideval thing made of wood with only one pipe. But over time, that device developped, was combined with more pipes and was made of metal. So maybe that has a different name in English, possible. I don't know. I guess Maltz also does not know. But anyhow: This device we see here is no doubt called "Schalmei" in German, the English word we found for it is "shawm" and Maltz just called it {Sam}. So whatever you call that device Okrand plays in the video, Maltz calls it {Sam}. (And honestly, I'm curious to find out what it'S called in English). -- Lieven L. Litaer aka the "Klingon Teacher from Germany" http://www.tlhInganHol.com http://klingon.wiki/Word/Sam