On 12/27/2018 11:06 AM, mayqel qunenoS wrote:
So, could someone write a few examples, where aspect is being used as tense, as an example of what to actually avoid ?
You can look at "imperfect" tenses. English doesn't have them as a verb form, but lots of other languages do. I think Greek does. *naH jajmeywIj bIQ'a' HeHDaq jIyIt */In my youth I walked on the beach./ My intention here is to imply that I used to walk on the beach; it was my habit to walk on the beach in my youth. Because we're not talking about a specific action that was finished, but a habit or tendency, this is imperfect. It is not describing a particular action I completed. If I said *naH jajmeywIj bIQ'a' HeHDaq jIyItpu' */In my youth I walked on the beach,/ I would be saying that in my youth there was this one time when I took a walk on the beach, and completed the walk. It could not be used to refer to your habit of walking every day. *wa' ben Ha'DIbaH vISopbe' */I didn't eat meat last year./ This describes the general fact of my meatlessness last year, not any particular act of eating. It is not describing an action that is completed. If I said *wa' ben Ha'DIbaH vISopbe'pu' */I didn't eat the meat last year./ This would be referring to some instance in which I was offered meat and refused it. An occasion to eat meat arose, and I completed not eating it. I always hesistate to refer to a Klingon verb with no type 7 suffix as /imperfect,/ because it's not necessarily exactly what any other language means by the term, and the word doesn't say anything about continuousness. In English, a verb is often considered imperfect if it's in a progressive tense, and these are often reflective of continuous action. This is why I usually resort to the cumbersome /non-perfective, non-continuous/ or some variation thereof. One more, taken from early canon. Kruge says to Valkris, *vaj Daleghpu' */Then you have seen it./ He pitches it as a question without giving it an interrogative suffix, but that's not important. He's referring to an action Valkris did in the past and completed. If he had said *vaj Dalegh */Then you see it,/ and if it wasn't taken as clipped Klingon, Valkris would probably take this as asking if she's looking at it right now. When not set in the past or future, a perfectiveless verb may be taken as occurring in the moment. Exactly how you interpret a verb without a type 7 suffix depends heavily on the context of the sentence, but barring some exceptions it cannot be interpreted as a specific action that was actually completed. -- SuStel http://trimboli.name