Beginner's text and questions
DoyIchlanDaq tagha' loQ QaQ muD Dotlh 'ej Hur wItIvlaH. 'ach jImejpa' tlhIngan HolwIj vIqeq vIneH. ghojmeH pov meq motlh luSovlu'bogh. vaj *flamenco* meHghem vIrIch vIneH. vatlh DIS poH wa'maH Hut *Andalusia*Daq chenpu' *flamenco*, 'ach mungDaj Sovlu'chu'be'. nger law' tu'lu'. meHghemvam luSIghlaw'pu' nugh pIm. wa' nugh potlh 'oHbejpu' *Romani* nugh'e'. muchwI'pu', mI'wI'pu', bomwI'pu' je much 'oH *flamenco*'e'. mIw yItlh pabbe'bogh meHghem nong'e' 'oH. Dujmey 'agh, le'yo' 'agh. *flamenco* much lubej tlhIngan net jalchugh, chaq luparHa'. As usual, I would appreciate any help / correction in order to improve my Klingon. I also have two questions: 1. Regarding my first sentence: Is the word order right? I've found this structure in some posts of this email list and on the Klingon Wiki: question word - timestamp - noun phrase + Type 5 suffix - adverbial - O - V - S But as I understand it, TKD is not very clear about this. Does that structure base on canonical sources? And what about having several adverbials or noun phrases + Type 5 suffix together? 2. If I want to connect two relative clauses which refer to the same noun, I use *'ej*, but if I want to connect two different nouns each one having a relative clause attached to, then I should use *je*, right? E.g.: *ngeDbogh meq motlh 'ej Dajbogh*, *meq motlh luSovlu'bogh ngeDbogh qechmey Daj je*. By the way: is it allowed to use a noun with a relative clause as part of a noun-noun-construction (eventually using *-'e'* if necessary)? Thank you very much!
On 6/18/2021 9:45 AM, luis.chaparro@web.de wrote:
DoyIchlanDaq tagha' loQ QaQ muD Dotlh 'ej Hur wItIvlaH. 'ach jImejpa' tlhIngan HolwIj vIqeq vIneH. ghojmeH pov meq motlh luSovlu'bogh. vaj *flamenco* meHghem vIrIch vIneH.
vatlh DIS poH wa'maH Hut *Andalusia*Daq chenpu' *flamenco*, 'ach mungDaj Sovlu'chu'be'. nger law' tu'lu'. meHghemvam luSIghlaw'pu' nugh pIm. wa' nugh potlh 'oHbejpu' *Romani* nugh'e'.
muchwI'pu', mI'wI'pu', bomwI'pu' je much 'oH *flamenco*'e'. mIw yItlh pabbe'bogh meHghem nong'e' 'oH.
Stylistic note: why not say *nong meHghem 'ej mIw yItlh pabbe'?* Klingon is always better when you use basic sentences instead of copulas. If you find you're using copulas with noun phrases that include verb modifiers or relative clauses, you're probably thinking in English, or at least translating too literally.
Dujmey 'agh, le'yo' 'agh.
Do you mean *Duj*/instincts/ here? Don't put *-mey* on it; it's already plural. *Dujmey* probably means only /ships./
*flamenco* much lubej tlhIngan net jalchugh, chaq luparHa'.
As usual, I would appreciate any help / correction in order to improve my Klingon. I also have two questions:
1. Regarding my first sentence: Is the word order right? I've found this structure in some posts of this email list and on the Klingon Wiki:
question word - timestamp - noun phrase + Type 5 suffix - adverbial - O - V - S
But as I understand it, TKD is not very clear about this. Does that structure base on canonical sources? And what about having several adverbials or noun phrases + Type 5 suffix together?
Time expressions come first. See the TKD Addendum, section 6.7. But I wouldn't hold it to be completely inviolate, especially since several adverbials are themselves time expressions. So far as we can tell from canon, adverbials, non-pronomial question words, and syntactic noun phrases appear to all go in the space between time expressions and the object. Separate types of word do not appear to have any set order in that space. In my opinion, adverbials have a tendency to come before syntactic noun phrases, and non-pronomial question words have a tendency to come before adverbials, but that's only a hunch of a tendency, not a rule.
2. If I want to connect two relative clauses which refer to the same noun, I use *'ej*, but if I want to connect two different nouns each one having a relative clause attached to, then I should use *je*, right? E.g.: *ngeDbogh meq motlh 'ej Dajbogh*, *meq motlh luSovlu'bogh ngeDbogh qechmey Daj je*. By the way: is it allowed to use a noun with a relative clause as part of a noun-noun-construction (eventually using *-'e'* if necessary)?
If you want to separate nouns to have the same relative clause, you need to repeat the relative clause and/or conjoin the nouns. So far as I can tell, *meq motlh luSovlu'bogh ngeDbogh qechmey Daj je* means /known usual reasons and interesting ideas that are easy./ I'm not even sure which relative clause you're trying to attach two noun phrases to. If you want to, say, describe a ship and a person who are both fleeing, you could say *Haw'bogh Duj, ghot je,* or you could say *Haw'bogh Duj, Haw'bogh ghot je.* -- SuStel http://trimboli.name
SuStel:
muchwI'pu', mI'wI'pu', bomwI'pu' je much 'oH *flamenco*'e'. mIw yItlh pabbe'bogh meHghem nong'e' 'oH. Stylistic note: why not say nong meHghem 'ej mIw yItlh pabbe'? Klingon is always better when you use basic sentences instead of copulas. If you find you're using copulas with noun phrases that include verb modifiers or relative clauses, you're probably thinking in English, or at least translating too literally.
Thank you! Actually, I wasn't very sure about that sentence, I was in fact thinking in Spanish. Anyway, in Spanish (or English) there is a difference, let's say of *stress*, between *It's a passionate art which doesn't follow any set rules* and *this art is passionate and doesn't follow any set rules*. I understand what you say about using basic sentences in Klingon. I just wanted to know if there is another way to take account of this slight difference.
Dujmey 'agh, le'yo' 'agh. Do you mean Duj instincts here? Don't put -mey on it; it's already plural. Dujmey probably means only ships.
Yes, I mean *instincts*. Sorry, I misread the entry in *boQwI'*.
So far as we can tell from canon, adverbials, non-pronomial question words, and syntactic noun phrases appear to all go in the space between time expressions and the object. Separate types of word do not appear to have any set order in that space. In my opinion, adverbials have a tendency to come before syntactic noun phrases, and non-pronomial question words have a tendency to come before adverbials, but that's only a hunch of a tendency, not a rule.
So, if I understand you, you mean something like this?: time expressions - [non-pronominal question words / adverbials / syntactic noun phrases] - O - V - S Square brackets meaning *the order in between is a tendency, not a rule*. So: *DaHjaj qatlh nom Qe'Daq pItSa' chab DaSoppu'?* (it's of course an artificial example, but I just want to know if I get it right). I've always thought non-pronominal question words were always first!
If you want to separate nouns to have the same relative clause, you need to repeat the relative clause and/or conjoin the nouns. So far as I can tell, meq motlh luSovlu'bogh ngeDbogh qechmey Daj je means known usual reasons and interesting ideas that are easy.
I was trying to say something like: *normal topics that one knows (i.e., are familiar to the speaker, the speaker knows well) and interesting ideas that are easy*. But my question was actually if I should use *je* here (in contrast to *ngeDbogh meq motlh 'ej Dajbogh*). Thank you again!
On 6/18/2021 12:54 PM, luis.chaparro@web.de wrote:
SuStel:
muchwI'pu', mI'wI'pu', bomwI'pu' je much 'oH *flamenco*'e'. mIw yItlh pabbe'bogh meHghem nong'e' 'oH. Stylistic note: why not say nong meHghem 'ej mIw yItlh pabbe'? Klingon is always better when you use basic sentences instead of copulas. If you find you're using copulas with noun phrases that include verb modifiers or relative clauses, you're probably thinking in English, or at least translating too literally. Thank you! Actually, I wasn't very sure about that sentence, I was in fact thinking in Spanish. Anyway, in Spanish (or English) there is a difference, let's say of *stress*, between *It's a passionate art which doesn't follow any set rules* and *this art is passionate and doesn't follow any set rules*. I understand what you say about using basic sentences in Klingon. I just wanted to know if there is another way to take account of this slight difference.
I think the difference is in putting the adjective before the noun. Fronting things tends to give them more emphasis or importance. In Klingon, since verbs take over the role of adjectives, and since verbs come before nouns in sentences, the verbs are already fronted. Even as a matter of this kind of fronting emphasis, basic sentences are preferable in Klingon (*nong meHghem* instead of *meHghem nong 'oH*).
So far as we can tell from canon, adverbials, non-pronomial question words, and syntactic noun phrases appear to all go in the space between time expressions and the object. Separate types of word do not appear to have any set order in that space. In my opinion, adverbials have a tendency to come before syntactic noun phrases, and non-pronomial question words have a tendency to come before adverbials, but that's only a hunch of a tendency, not a rule. So, if I understand you, you mean something like this?:
time expressions - [non-pronominal question words / adverbials / syntactic noun phrases] - O - V - S
Square brackets meaning *the order in between is a tendency, not a rule*. So: *DaHjaj qatlh nom Qe'Daq pItSa' chab DaSoppu'?* (it's of course an artificial example, but I just want to know if I get it right).
Yes, that's right. The tendency thing is just my hunch about it, not something that people have agreed upon.
If you want to separate nouns to have the same relative clause, you need to repeat the relative clause and/or conjoin the nouns. So far as I can tell, meq motlh luSovlu'bogh ngeDbogh qechmey Daj je means known usual reasons and interesting ideas that are easy. I was trying to say something like: *normal topics that one knows (i.e., are familiar to the speaker, the speaker knows well) and interesting ideas that are easy*. But my question was actually if I should use *je* here (in contrast to *ngeDbogh meq motlh 'ej Dajbogh*).
But *meq*/topic/ and *qech* /idea/ are two different nouns. *ngeDbogh meq motlh 'ej Dajbogh* is just about one noun: *meq.* Another possibility, just to confuse you: *motlhbogh meqmey 'ej luSovlu'bogh, ngeDbogh qechmey je 'ej Dajbogh */topics that are usual and known, and ideas that are easy and interesting/ The noun conjunction *je *joining *meymey* and *qechmey* follows the final noun. But honestly, if you're trying to string together something this long, it's probably better to think about how to break it into multiple sentences. -- SuStel http://trimboli.name
SuStel:
I think the difference is in putting the adjective before the noun. Fronting things tends to give them more emphasis or importance. In Klingon, since verbs take over the role of adjectives, and since verbs come before nouns in sentences, the verbs are already fronted. Even as a matter of this kind of fronting emphasis, basic sentences are preferable in Klingon (nong meHghem instead of meHghem nong 'oH).
Since in Spanish most adjectives come after the noun, I was actually thinking on the effect the relative clause has compared to an adjective. For me, *It's a passionate art which doesn't follow any set rules* is a sentence defining flamenco as a passionate art, and then adding some information about the sort of *passionate art* flamenco is. The emphasis goes on "passionate art". *This art is passionate and doesn't follow any set rules* is for me a sentence describing the art of flamenco with two qualities, passionate and not following any set rules. The emphasis goes equally on both qualities. I don't know if that reflects somehow in Klingon. Or maybe I'm just messing it up.
Yes, that's right. The tendency thing is just my hunch about it, not something that people have agreed upon.
Noted! Since it's only a tendency, my first sentence (*DoyIchlanDaq tagha' loQ QaQ muD Dotlh*) was anyway right, I suppose. Is it also possible to separate both adverbials, e.g., *tagha' DoyIchlanDaq loQ QaQ muD Dotlh*?
Another possibility, just to confuse you: motlhbogh meqmey 'ej luSovlu'bogh, ngeDbogh qechmey je 'ej Dajbogh topics that are usual and known, and ideas that are easy and interesting
It actually *clarifies* what I was asking :-) Thank you!
The noun conjunction je joining meymey and qechmey follows the final noun. But honestly, if you're trying to string together something this long, it's probably better to think about how to break it into multiple sentences.
It was only an example to illustrate my question, but as I said before, I will try to think more in Klingon and get used to shorter sentences!
On 6/18/2021 2:55 PM, luis.chaparro@web.de wrote:
Is it also possible to separate both adverbials, e.g.,*tagha' DoyIchlanDaq loQ QaQ muD Dotlh*?
If it is, we don't know the rules. I did not mean to imply that adverbials all go together, question words all go together, and syntactic nouns all go together. -- SuStel http://trimboli.name
Am 18.06.2021 um 15:45 schrieb luis.chaparro@web.de:
1. Regarding my first sentence: Is the word order right? I've found this structure in some posts of this email list and on the Klingon Wiki:
question word - timestamp - noun phrase + Type 5 suffix - adverbial - O - V - S
But as I understand it, TKD is not very clear about this. Does that structure base on canonical sources? And what about having several adverbials or noun phrases + Type 5 suffix together?
The information on the Klingon Wiki is a mix of TKD rules and observation of canon examples. I'm not sure which page you looked at, but this page here shows all sources: http://klingon.wiki/En/WordOrder -- Lieven L. Litaer aka the "Klingon Teacher from Germany" http://www.tlhInganHol.com
Lieven L. Litaer:
The information on the Klingon Wiki is a mix of TKD rules and observation of canon examples.
Ok! Thank you!
I'm not sure which page you looked at, but this page here shows all sources: http://klingon.wiki/En/WordOrder
Yes, that was the page.
participants (3)
-
Lieven L. Litaer -
luis.chaparro@web.de -
SuStel