In TKD §6.4, this is written of the word 'ar: ------------ Finally, 'ar how many? how much? follows the noun to which it refers. It can never follow a noun with a plural suffix (-pu', -mey, -Du'; see section 3.3.2). ------------ I've always taken this to mean that a noun followed by 'ar is grammatically singular, and so we must say, for example, qachvam Dab nuv 'ar?, rather than *qachvam luDab nuv 'ar?*. However, it now strikes me that there is another possible interpretation, namely that while the noun followed by 'ar is never marked with a plural suffix, it could still be considered grammatically plural, and thus allow for sentences such as *qachvam luDab nuv 'ar?*. Unfortunately, the canonical example sentences we have using 'ar don't really shine much of a light on this. The only example I've found that uses a number-specific verb prefix to go with the NOUN + 'ar construct is nIn 'ar wIghaj. ("How much fuel do we have?") However, this example is of limited use, as the quantity of nIn ("fuel") is a presumably continuous, rather than discrete; while we would normally treat nIn law' and nIn puS as singular, we would treat nuv law' and nuv puS as plural. Can anybody think of any examples that could help to resolve this matter? Or is there an unofficial but commonly accepted answer?
I think Okrand simply meant that 'ar cannot follow a noun with a plural suffix, which is how I've always understood it. Examples of 'ar following a grammatically singular mass noun where it's translated "how much": nIn 'ar wIghaj How much fuel do we have left? TKD/CK/PK Huch 'ar DaneH? How much money do you want? TKD Dochvetlh DIlmeH Huch 'ar DaneH How much do you want for that? TKD Examples of 'ar following a regular count noun without a plural suffix where it's translated "how many": Haw'pu' yaS 'ar How many officers fled? TKD mughoS 'avwI' 'ar How many guards are coming? CK There were fewer examples than I expected - and none from the paq'balth AFAIK. --Voragh From: Felix Malmenbeck In TKD §6.4, this is written of the word 'ar: ------------ Finally, 'ar how many? how much? follows the noun to which it refers. It can never follow a noun with a plural suffix (-pu', -mey, -Du'; see section 3.3.2). ------------ I've always taken this to mean that a noun followed by 'ar is grammatically singular, and so we must say, for example, qachvam Dab nuv 'ar?, rather than *qachvam luDab nuv 'ar?*. However, it now strikes me that there is another possible interpretation, namely that while the noun followed by 'ar is never marked with a plural suffix, it could still be considered grammatically plural, and thus allow for sentences such as *qachvam luDab nuv 'ar?*. Unfortunately, the canonical example sentences we have using 'ar don't really shine much of a light on this. The only example I've found that uses a number-specific verb prefix to go with the NOUN + 'ar construct is nIn 'ar wIghaj. ("How much fuel do we have?") However, this example is of limited use, as the quantity of nIn ("fuel") is a presumably continuous, rather than discrete; while we would normally treat nIn law' and nIn puS as singular, we would treat nuv law' and nuv puS as plural. Can anybody think of any examples that could help to resolve this matter? Or is there an unofficial but commonly accepted answer?
On 8 September 2017 at 13:15, Felix Malmenbeck <felixm@kth.se> wrote:
In TKD §6.4, this is written of the word 'ar:
------------
Finally, 'ar how many? how much? follows the noun to which it refers. It can never follow a noun with a plural suffix (-pu', -mey, -Du'; see section 3.3.2).
------------
I've always taken this to mean that a noun followed by 'ar is grammatically singular, and so we must say, for example, qachvam Dab nuv 'ar?, rather than *qachvam luDab nuv 'ar?*.
However, it now strikes me that there is another possible interpretation, namely that while the noun followed by 'ar is never marked with a plural suffix, it could still be considered grammatically plural, and thus allow for sentences such as *qachvam luDab nuv 'ar?*.
I don't understand. If you don't know how many of something there is, how could you know whether it was singular or plural? -- De'vID
I don't understand. If you don't know how many of something there is, how could you know whether it was singular or plural?
Well, in English, we (usually) treat "how many NOUN:s" as grammatically plural: "How many people have seen it?" (not "How many person has seen it?") "How many are there?" (not "How many is there?") Presumably, Klingon has some similar rule, or at least a rule-of-thumb for how to deal with this uncertainty. ________________________________________ From: tlhIngan-Hol <tlhingan-hol-bounces@lists.kli.org> on behalf of De'vID <de.vid.jonpin@gmail.com> Sent: Friday, September 8, 2017 16:33 To: tlhIngan-Hol Subject: Re: [tlhIngan Hol] The grammatical number of NOUN + 'ar On 8 September 2017 at 13:15, Felix Malmenbeck <felixm@kth.se> wrote:
In TKD §6.4, this is written of the word 'ar:
------------
Finally, 'ar how many? how much? follows the noun to which it refers. It can never follow a noun with a plural suffix (-pu', -mey, -Du'; see section 3.3.2).
------------
I've always taken this to mean that a noun followed by 'ar is grammatically singular, and so we must say, for example, qachvam Dab nuv 'ar?, rather than *qachvam luDab nuv 'ar?*.
However, it now strikes me that there is another possible interpretation, namely that while the noun followed by 'ar is never marked with a plural suffix, it could still be considered grammatically plural, and thus allow for sentences such as *qachvam luDab nuv 'ar?*.
I don't understand. If you don't know how many of something there is, how could you know whether it was singular or plural? -- De'vID _______________________________________________ tlhIngan-Hol mailing list tlhIngan-Hol@lists.kli.org http://lists.kli.org/listinfo.cgi/tlhingan-hol-kli.org
On 8 September 2017 at 16:42, Felix Malmenbeck <felixm@kth.se> wrote:
I don't understand. If you don't know how many of something there is, how could you know whether it was singular or plural?
Well, in English, we (usually) treat "how many NOUN:s" as grammatically plural:
"How many people have seen it?" (not "How many person has seen it?") "How many are there?" (not "How many is there?")
Presumably, Klingon has some similar rule, or at least a rule-of-thumb for how to deal with this uncertainty.
Based on the "no plural suffix" rule, I would assume that the rule is to treat it as singular, but it's not explicitly stated. -- De'vID
Am 08.09.2017 um 16:33 schrieb De'vID:
I don't understand. If you don't know how many of something there is, how could you know whether it was singular or plural?
Because you ask for "how MANY" - and "many" usually is more than one. Hahaha - please don't take this too seriously ;-) -- Lieven L. Litaer aka Quvar valer 'utlh Grammarian of the KLI http://www.facebook.com/Klingonteacher http://www.klingonwiki.net
participants (4)
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De'vID -
Felix Malmenbeck -
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Steven Boozer