This is an interesting one. It has some good information about clusivity in Klingon. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clusivity On 5/22/2020 5:35 AM, De'vID wrote:
{maH} means "we" — that is, "you (singular or plural) and I" and also "he/she/they and I" and also "you (singular or plural) and he/she/they and I."
*maH* is confirmed to lack clusivity.
When the "we/us" prefixes are used, this sometimes gets clarified:
{pI-} "we-you (singular)" and {re-} "we-you (plural)": "we" means only "he/she/they and I," and none of the other "we" options {ju-} "you (singular)-us" and {che-} "you (plural)-us": "us" means only "him/her/them and me," and none of the other options
*pI-* and *re-* agree with exclusive /we/ subjects. They can't agree with inclusive /we /subjects because the second person is the object. *ju-* and *che-* agree with exclusive /we/ objects. They can't agree with inclusive /we /objects because the second person is the subject. Basically, a first- or second-person pronoun cannot be both subject and object. You cannot say *jIH SoH je relegh jIH SoH je*/you and I see you and me./
But not always:
{ma-} "we (no object)": "we" can mean any of the options {wI-} "we-him/her/it" and {DI-} "we-them": "we" can mean any of the options (though any third persons included in the subject are different folks from those in the object) {nu-} "he/she/it/they-us": "us" can mean any of the options (with the same third third-person restriction cited for {wI-} and {DI-})
*ma-, wI-, DI-* do not distinguish clusivity in the subjects they agree with. *nu-* does not distinguish clusivity in the object it agrees with. Since there is no duplication of the same first- or second-person pronoun in both subject and object, there is no clusivity.
Maltz frowned and growled when I suggested {SuvwI' nulegh HoD} and similar constructions. I guess this is one of those places where full pronouns really ought to be used.
Music to my ears. I hate it when people try tricks like this. Prefixes agree with the person of the subject and object; they aren't the pronouns themselves. -- SuStel http://trimboli.name