On 5/13/2019 12:41 PM, mayqel qunen'oS wrote:
Again, sorry for my ignorance of grammar terms, but can you please explain the difference between "marked" "emphasized" and "topicalized" ?
/Marked/ means the wording is noticeably odd in some way. /Emphasis/ means you are drawing attention or importance to a term. /Topic/ means you're telling what the sentence is all about. Klingon *-'e'* serves as a topic marker in pronoun-as-to-be sentences. It serves as an emphasis marker when placed on the subject or object of a basic sentence or dependent clause. It serves as a marker of the head noun of a relative clause. And it serves as the marker of a topic noun standing on its own, but this usage is said by Okrand to be marked — using it this way seems odd to native speakers. -- SuStel http://trimboli.name