Suppose I write: puqvaD paq luyajmoH ghojmoHwI' the teachers cause the child to understand the book And now I write the above sentence with the {paq} missing: puqvaD yajmoH ghojmoHwI'pu' Logically, since the {paq} is missing, this sentence must mean "the teachers cause the child to understand (something unspecified)". But now suppose I write the following: puq luyajmoH ghojmoHwI' the teachers cause the child to understand (something unspecified) (Which produces again the same meaning, or at least I think that it does..) So the thing I'm wondering is this: Is there any difference between the {puqvaD yajmoH ghojmoHwI'pu'} and {puq luyajmoH ghojmoHwI'}? Or am I right that they mean exactly the same? -- Dana'an https://sacredtextsinklingon.wordpress.com/ Ζεὺς ἦν, Ζεὺς ἐστίν, Ζεὺς ἔσσεται· ὦ μεγάλε Ζεῦ