On 4/20/2020 11:45 AM, Lieven L. Litaer wrote:
Am 20.04.2020 um 14:55 schrieb mayqel qunen'oS:
With the exception of the three cases already mentioned, people talk intentionally. They set out to talk, and then do so.
Well, based on that logic, almost everything is done intentionally.
But here's an interesting counter example from canon: In Star Trek 3, Kruge yelled at his gunner {qaja'pu': jonta' neH} "I told you: only the engine!"
This is repeated in TKD:
<<< This suffix indicates that an action is completed. It is often translated by the English present perfect ("have done something").
{Daleghpu'} "you have seen it" ({legh} "see") {vIneHpu'} "I wanted them" ({neH} "want") {qaja'pu'} "I told you" ({ja'} "tell")
So it is possible to have an accomplished saying that was obviously intentionally, but yet not as an accomplished deliberately undertaken action.
Kruge's quotation does not prove that. The use of *-ta'* instead of *-pu'* is always optional, even if the subject set out to accomplish the action and did it. When Kruge says *qaja'pu' jonta' neH,* we don't know if he doesn't think *-ta'* is correct here or if he's just optionally not using *-ta'.* Or if he even cares.
The difference is that you can of course speak intentionally, but you can speak without planning to say something, that's why -pu' is used instead of -ta'.
Or you simply don't intend to express the intention behind a completed action. *qaja'ta'*/I told you, and I accomplished my intention; /*qaja'pu'*/I told you, but I'm not saying whether I set out to accomplish it or not./ -- SuStel http://trimboli.name