On 10/11/2020 9:45 AM, Luis Chaparro Caballero wrote:
SuStel:
HIq vItlhutlh jIH I drink the liquor. In case anyone isn't sure who does the drinking, I make it clear that it's me. I'm probably confused, since I'm a beginner and I hope I'm not annoying you with my questions. If so, I'm sorry, maybe that's not the right forum for me. But in the thread I mention above, you told me there is no semantic difference between*yaS vIlegh* and*yaS vIlegh jIH*, so I cannot understand your new example properly. Regarding what you told me in September I would have expected:*HIq vItlhutlh jIH'e'*. Adding only *jIH* without *-'e'* sounds for me similar to that use of Spanish I spoke about in that thread (and Lieven L. Litaer mentions here). In Duolingo we find this example: *jIqet jIH 'ach bIyIt SoH* (translated: "*I* run but *you* walk.")
A semantic difference between sentences is where the sentences mean something different. *HIq vItlhutlh jIH* means exactly the same thing as *HIq vItlhutlh;* I'm just adding the *jIH* to make especially sure you understood. If I had said *HIq vItlhutlh jIH'e',* it would have meant something slightly different: I, and not someone else, drink the liquor. There is no "and not someone else" element in *HIq vItlhutlh jIH.* That's the semantic difference. Do not hold up Duolingo as an example of necessarily correct Klingon. It gets a lot of things wrong. Its translation in this case is poor, though not strictly wrong. It doesn't explain what those asterisks around the words actually MEAN. The sentence *jIqet jIH 'ach bIyIt SoH* means /I run but you walk./ Including the pronouns does not automatically mean you're stressing them; it means you're being more clear than the minimum you need to be. It means exactly the same as *jIqet 'ach bIyIt. *If the sentence were *jIqet jIH'e' 'ach bIyIt SoH'e',* that would mean something different: /I (not someone else) run, but you (not someone else) walk./ Using explicit pronouns just means you're using extra clarity. Using *-'e'* means you're making the noun exclusive. Being extra clear doesn't change the meaning of the sentence; using *-'e'* does. -- SuStel http://trimboli.name