(I am not trying to prove anything, just do some research.) I just checked TKW and actually found some canon phrases which are translated using verbs where a noun would have been possible. Maybe this does not pove anything, but these are good examples to show how you can rephrase a translation using verbs instead of nouns: The memory of you sings in my blood. bomDI' 'IwwIj qaqaw. (TKW, p. 17) lit: "When my blood sings, I remember you." A warrior does not complain about physical discomfort. loQ 'oy'DI' bepbe' SuvwI'. (TKW p. 46) lit: "When a warrior has a bit pain, he does not complain" A warrior fights to the death. wej Heghchugh vay', SuvtaH SuvwI'. (TKW p. 88) lit: "A warrior fights as long as he has not died." Only fools have no fear. not qoHpu''e' neH ghIjlu'. (TKW p. 88) lit: "Only fools are never scared." Fear is power. vay' DaghIjlaHchugh bIHoSghaj. (TKW p. 109) lit: "If you can scare someone, you are powerful." A fool's only achievement is death. Hegh neH chav qoH. (TKW p. 115) lit: "The fool only achieves death." An honorable death requires no vengeance. batlh Heghlu'chugh noDnISbe' vay'. (TKW p. 115) lit: "Somebody does not seek revenge if one dies honorably." The execution of one warrior brings shame to all. wa' SuvwI' muHlu'DI', tuHchoH Hoch SuvwI'pu'. (TKW p. 136) lit: "If one warrior is executed, all warriors begin to be ashamed." Remember the scent. vay' DalarghDI' yIqaw. (TKW p. 157) lit: "If you smell something, remember it." reH DuSIgh vavlI'. Your father is a part of you always.* (TKW p. 170) lit: "Your father always influences you." No pain, no gain. 'oy'be'lu'chugh Qapbe'lu'. (TKW p. 175) lit: "If one does not hurt, one does not win." -- Lieven L. Litaer aka the "Klingon Teacher from Germany" http://www.tlhInganHol.com http://klingon.wiki/En/Verb-centric