[tlhIngan Hol] nuq'e' / 'Iv'e'

[SuStel]

On 11/20/2020 10:26 AM, André Müller wrote:
> /Discord/-Daq *«-'e'»* mojaq wIrIchtaHvIS lo'meyDaj vIbuS. qen QIj 
> SuStel 'ej meqqu'mo' ghaH, De'wI'wIjDaq mojaqvam QIjbogh ghItlh'e' 
> vIpol. 'ach DaH SuStel latlhpu' joq vIghelnIS.
> mu'tlheghDaq *«'oH, ghaH, bIH, chaH»* lo'lu'chugh SeSorDaq *«-'e'»* 
> chelnISlu' net Sov. ghantoH: *«Ha'DIbaH 'oH vIghro''e'.»* qay'be'. 
> ghellu'chugh jaSHa' chelnISlu'. ghantoH: *«nuq 'oH vIghro''e'?»* 
> qay'be' je.
> 'ach reH mu'tlheghmeyvetlhDaq _De' ngo'_Daq ngam mojaqvam, qar'a'? not 
> De' ngo''e' 'oS ghelbogh mu' (*«'Iv, nuq»*), qar'a'? vaj tlhIngan Hol 
> pabHa' bIvlaw' mu'tlheghvam: *«Ha'DIbaH 'oH nuq'e'?»*
> 'ach /«Hov leng: maQmIgh»/ (STID) HaStamuchDaq Qoy'lu': *«DevwI' ghaH 
> 'Iv'e'?»* ‘Who is the leader?’ — vaj latlh lo' ghaj'a' mojaqvam?
>
> _Short version in English:_
> In /be/-sentences *-'e'* marks the subject, which SuStel explained as 
> one of the TOPIC uses of the suffix. Topic means that it marks old 
> information, so I concluded logically that question words like *nuq* 
> and *'Iv* cannot be marked by *-'e'*. But there is a sentence in STID, 
> *«DevwI' ghaH 'Iv'e'?»* ‘Who is the leader?’ Is the usage of *-'e'* in 
> /be/-sentences a different (fourth) usage that is neither topic, 
> focus, nor head-marking in a relative clause? Or is it perhaps focus 
> just in this one example after all? Or can we dismiss it saying that 
> Uhura's Klingon isn't quite perfect and native-like and she made a 
> mistake here (I believe she said this sentence)?

There's also *Sojvetlh 'oH nuq'e'* in /Power Klingon./

*'Iv* and *nuq* are pronouns that stand in for the answer. If the answer 
is *DevwI' ghaH Qugh'e'*/Kruge is the leader,/ then the question of the 
leader's identity is *DevwI' ghaH 'Iv'e'?* Don't worry about the 
required topic marker in the question version; it's just there because 
it's required in the answer.

-- 
SuStel
http://trimboli.name

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