[tlhIngan Hol] Adverbiality and the verb {Da}

[demonchaux.aurelie]

Thank you all for you replies and feedback on adverbiality in the past few days.
For the sentence “he fights bravely” I’ve listed all the possibilities based on your suggestions:
He fights:SuvSuvtaHvISSuvDI’
Bravely:yoHyoHwI’ ghaHyoHwI’ DayoHwI’ rur
This gives us 24 possible combinations that we can choose from depending on the actual nuance of meaning we are aiming for. I’m not going to do an in-depth analysis of each one - although that would be interesting.
Just a few notes:yoHwI’ rur : I think this one could be used if the apparent bravery is surprising, for instance a known coward is fighting in a brave manner, thus resembling a brave one.
yoHwI’ Da: I’m interested in the <noun> + Da structure because it offers the potential to convey many additional layers of meaning, in just 2 words:
loDvaD jatlh ghaH, vavHom Da : He spoke to the man in a fatherly tone (vavHom: could be “father figure”)
loDvaD jatlh ghaH, vavHomqoq Dabej : He certainly spoke to the man in a paternalistic tone
Thus we have the possibility of using both noun and verb suffixes to refine the meaning in a very compact manner.
It is even better with the {verb-wI’} + Da structure!Suv ghaH, SuvlaHqu’wI’na’ Dachu’ ghaHHe fought, acting perfectly as a true master of fightingWe can have {verb - vb suffixes - wI’}-(noun suffixes) + Da-(vb suffixes)
It might be overkill, but an adjective and/or relative clause could also be added to the mix (‘ej DaH jIjatlhtaHvIS, Hol vutwI’ vImojlaw’. ;) )
Suv ghaH, Heghrupbogh SuvlaHqu’wI’na’ qan Daba’ ghaHHe fought, obviously acting as a true old master of fighting, ready to die
Perhaps all these possibilities are what mayqel was imagining earlier? :)
ghItlhjaj 
Envoyé depuis mon smartphone Samsung Galaxy.
-------- Message d'origine --------De : Felix Malmenbeck <felixm at kth.se> Date : 10/02/2018  03:25  (GMT+01:00) À : tlhingan-hol at kli.org Objet : Re: [tlhIngan Hol] Adverbiality and the verb {Da} 

[Sorry for the spam; accidentally sent this off prematurely.]
 
It makes perfect sense to me, but to be on the safe side, you can use -DI' and -taHvIS to connect the sentences:



{SuvtaHvIS tlhInganpu' Da!} - "They fight like Klingons!"


{vaj HeghtaHvIS tlhInganpu' Dajaj!} - "Then they can die like Klingons!"





{bangwI'vaD jIjatlhtaHvIS jIbIt.} - "I spoke nervously to my beloved."



{jISupDI' jISoy'.} - "I jumped clumsily."








In paq'batlh, the author often uses {X-DI' Y} or {X-taHvIS Y} to express things like "They X:ed in a Y:ish way." where the English uses adverbs.



For example:



bIjatlhDI' bIval
"You speak wise words."



ghoStaHvIS
 tam ‘ej So’


"They
 sneak and they creep"



qachvam
 vIcheghDI’ charghwI’ jIH


"I
 will return to this house victorious"





jInaS jImupDI’

I don't have the English
 translation handy, but it was something like "I will strike viciously."





che'taHvIS val qeylIS 'ej yoH
   
Qapqa' tlhIngan tuqmey
   
'ej yaymey Dun chav

"The Klingon tribes flourished
 once more,
   
And many great victories
 were made
   
During Kahless's reign
 of wisdom and bravery."







ta'meyDaj boqawDI' SuHemjaj
   
mu'meyDaj bojatlhDI' Suvaljaj



"May you remember his deeds with
 pride,
   
May you recite his words
 with wisdom,"


















From: tlhIngan-Hol <tlhingan-hol-bounces at lists.kli.org> on behalf of Steven Boozer <sboozer at uchicago.edu>

Sent: Friday, February 9, 2018 19:26

To: tlhingan-hol at kli.org

Subject: Re: [tlhIngan Hol] Adverbiality and the verb {Da}
 



FYI, Da behave as, act in the manner of in canon:
 
  nepwI' Daba' 
  He is obviously lying. TKD
 
  SuvwI' DameH puqloDwI' vIghojHa'moH DaH 'e' vItlhoj

  I see now, I have failed to raise my son a man. PB 




  yejquv DevwI' moj ghawran 'e' wuqta' cho' 'oDwI' Dapu'bogh

    janluq pIqarD HoD. 
  Gowron... named leader of the High Council by Captain Jean-Luc Picard,

    who was acting as Arbiter of Succession. S25




Note that the above have a noun as the object of
Da.  The second example with the –meH purpose clause is similar to what you want.  A –bogh relative clause is another way to add an adverbial-like phrase. 

 
Here are the other two examples I know for the sake of thoroughness:
 
  jIlay'ta' 'ej batlh jIpabta' vaj choDanIS 
  I have kept my word of honor, and so should you PB




  HaDlu'meH, QuSlu'meH, SuDlu'meH lojmIt Da logh Hop Hut
tengchaH.

    vaj loghDaq lenglaHtaH Humanpu'   

  space station Deep Space Nine is the gateway for the exploration, intrigue and

   enterprise that mark the continuation of the human adventure into space... S99


--

Voragh

Ca'Non Master of the Klingons
 
 


From: demonchaux.aurelie







- A adverb, by definition, is used to specify the manner in which an action is carried out

- The Klingon verb {Da} means "behave as, act in the manner of"



Taking this into account, wouldn't it make sense to use <noun + Da> to convey the same meaning as an adverb?



For instance:

He fought bravely: Suv ghaH, yoHwI' Da

He spoke calmy: jatlh ghaH, jotwI' Da

He shouted angrily: jach ghaH, QeHwI' Da



What do you think?



ghItlhjaj 


 






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