Hello, Here comes some more clarifications for the words used in the Klingon subtitles of DSC on Netflix: ---- For the archive: this is printed in qepHom 2017, page 15. ---- FYI: "Gormaganders are a non-atmospheric organism capable of living in the vacuum of space. Not technically a fish, but described as essentially a "space whale", as of 2256, they were on the Endangered Species List." (Memory Alpha) ---- Maltz had not heard about this animal and did not know about a native Klingon name. He was guessing that the word "gormagander" is a Federation Standard word. Maybe it's taken into English from some other language, but as long as that language is not Klingon, we (Klingon speakers) don't care. Regardless of its origin, it's now an English word. He just called it {ghormaghenDer}. The Klingons learned the name of this thing the same way the Federation did – from someone else. But it's still possible that there are other ways to name this animal that we do not know of. ---- {chIl} means "lose" in the sense of "misplace, be unable to find, lose track of." It can be used for misplacing your keys, but also for things like losing the signal of something you've been tracking. "Lose" in the sense of "no longer have (presumably permanently)", as in "we've lost a lot of soldiers" is a different word: {weS}. This verb means "lose" in the sense of "undergo a reduction of" or "suffer a reduction of", as in "he lost a lot of blood". To say "lose" as in "She lost the baby" or "She lost her husband" just say {Heghpu' ghu} or {Heghpu' loDnalDaj}. Similarly, for "we have lost a lot of warriors," say {Heghpu' SuvwI'pu'ma' law'}. {SuvwI'pu' DIweSpu'} is fine, but it implies that the warriors are gone or missing or are severely injured and not expected to return (or to return anytime soon), but they may or may not be dead. ---- This information from #qepHom2017 will be added to the page "Message from Maltz" on qepHom.de: https://www.qephom.de/e/message_from_maltz.html -- Lieven L. Litaer aka the "Klingon Teacher from Germany" http://www.klingonisch.net http://www.klingonwiki.net/En/qepHom2017