This thread is slowly but steadily turning into a nightmare.

SuStel:

Yes, you can use other type 5 suffixes on the head noun,
provided those suffixes apply in the main sentence, not the relative clause.

I found this from the paq'batlh:

vaj matlhutlhjaj
ghe'torDaq ghaHtaHbogh vavwI' wIquvmoHjaj
Heghbogh loDnI'wI' wIquvmoHjaj!
Let us drink then
To my father in Gre'thor
And the brother I once had.

Here the {-Daq} obviously refers to the {ghaHtaHbogh vavwI'}. (there's
an {-'e'} missing from the {vavwI'}, but that's not the problem right
now).

The way I understand what's being said in this thread so far, is that
the translation of {ghe'torDaq ghaHtaHbogh vavwI' wIquvmoHjaj} isn't
"may we honor my father who's in hell", but rather "may we honor in
hell, my father who's somewhere unspecified". I get the meaning that
the speaker says "we're in hell, and with us being there, may we honor
my father who's somewhere unspecified".

This is not a "ship in which I fled" problem. The relative clause is ghe'torDaq ghaHtaHbogh vavwI' (missing an -'e') my father who is in Grethor. The head noun is vavwI'. The locative is internal to the relative clause. The main clause is X wIquvmoHjaj May we honor X.

Also again from the paq'batlh:

qeylISvaD jach 'ej beyDaj luqImmo'
yuQDaq ghaHtaHbogh Hoch tlhIngan'e'
Qomqa' Hoch Qo'noS nuvpu'
All of Kronos trembled once more,
For every Klingon on the planet
Followed her cry for Kahless.

Again here the {-Daq} refers to the {ghaHtaHbogh Hoch tlhIngan'e'},
although I'm not quite sure how this entire line is supposed to fit in
with the lines above and below it.

This is also not a "ship in which I fled" problem. The relative clause is yuQDaq ghaHtaHbogh Hoch tlhIngan'e' every Klingon who is on the planet. The head noun is Hoch tlhIngan'e'. The locative is internal to the relative clause. The main sentence is beyDaj luqImmo' X because X paid attention to her cry.

The lines are enjambed, which makes understanding the syntax a little tricky. Read it like this:

She screamed for Kahless, and because every Klingon who was on the planet paid attention to her cry, all the people of Kronos experienced an earthquake again.

With all these being said, returning to the original sentence..

qa'naDa'Daq Sumbogh 'amerI'qa' mIl'oDmey tu'lu'
at canada where america is near there are bears

I still can't see why one alternate translation couldn't be as well
"At Canada which is being neared by America there are bears". Yes, the
English translation is weird. But I was under the impression, that in
a {-bogh} clause the head noun can be marked not only by an {-'e'} but
by other type-5 suffixes too. I don't know if this impression of mine
is actually correct, but perhaps this impression is the root of my
misunderstanding.

Here are the possible valid interpretations, with relative clauses bracketed:

qa'naDa'Daq [Sumbogh 'amerI'qa' mIl'oDmey] tu'lu'
In Canada, there are American sabre bears that are nearby
The head noun of the relative clause is 'amerI'qa' mIl'oDmey.

[qa'naDa'Daq Sumbogh 'amerI'qa' mIl'oDmey] tu'lu'
There are American sabre bears that are near Canada.
The head noun of the relative clause is 'amerI'qa' mIl'oDmey.

Klingon relative clauses are restrictive. That is, the narrow the sense of the head noun of the clause, changing its nature. Pick the card that is red, not the card that is white has restrictive relative clauses, as the clauses restrict the type of card I'm talking about to specific colors.

What you're trying to do is use nonrestrictive relative clauses. Nonrestrictive clauses describe the head noun as an aside, adding additional information without changing the nature of the head noun. I handed her my business card, which was white is a nonrestrictive clause, because the fact that it is white does not restrict exactly which business card I'm talking about. Nonrestrictive clauses are usually set off parenthetically by commas.

You're trying to use a nonrestrictive relative clause in the Klingon. You're trying to say, In Canada, which is near America, there are bears. That's a nonrestrictive clause, and Klingon doesn't do those.

You frequently splice parenthetical comments into your texts, but we don't usually see Klingon texts doing this, so it's hard to advise you. The easiest way to conform to known Klingon style is not to include these parenthetical comments in the middle of sentences, but to break them out into sentences of their own. qana'Da'Daq mIlloDmey tu'lu'. 'amerI'qa'Daq Sum qana'Da'. If you absolutely must include parenthetical, nonrestrictive notes, set them off by commas or other punctuation and keep them separate from the syntax of the main sentence. qana'Da'Daq — 'amerI'qa'Daq Sum qana'Da' — mIlloDmey tu'lu'. But I don't recommend doing this if you want to stick to known Klingon style.

-- 
SuStel
http://trimboli.name