On 3/17/2022 1:40 PM, Will Martin wrote:
Totally in agreement with SuStel. There’s a reason Klingon grammarians prefer the word “adverbials” instead of “adverbs”.

Weeeeeeellllll, actually, Klingon grammarians call them qunI', and don't distinguish between adverbs and adverbials, because those are English words and they do Klingon linguistics in Klingon.


In English, and adverb typically modifies a verb or an adjective "a word or phrase that modifies or qualifies an adjective, verb, or other adverb or a word group”.

Weeeeeeellllll, actually, adverbs are a part of speech and single words, while adverbials are phrases that act like adverbs.

Strictly speaking, the QongDaqDaq in QongDaqDaq Qotbe' tlhInganpu' is an adverbial in the sense that it modifies the way the action is performed. But we already have a set of words we call adverbials, so there's no point confusing the terminology that way.


Okrand used the word “adverb” because he was writing for a general audience, including people not as familiar with the word “adverbial” as with “adverb”.

I think Okrand called them adverbials instead of adverbs because he made the point that Klingon linguists only recognize three parts of speech: nouns, verbs, and leftovers. Since a word like pIj has the part of speech of "leftover," not "adverb," but it acts like an adverb, he called it an adverbial: a word that isn't an adverb but is acting like one.


-- 
SuStel
http://trimboli.name