<div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><br></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Tue, Mar 31, 2020 at 4:31 AM nIqolay Q <<a href="mailto:niqolay0@gmail.com">niqolay0@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">maj! I'm a little confused by one small thing. What's the difference between a {cha'neH} and a {DeS reStav}? Does {cha'neH} include the whole forearm, whereas {DeS reStav} only applies to one side? Or are they synonymous?</div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><div>During this year's Saarbrücken qepHom'a' (at which I was not present), I asked Lieven to convey to Dr. Okrand a request to clarify the difference between {[DeS] reStav} and {cha'neH}. Dr. Okrand's answer came to me via Lieven, and is quoted below:</div><div class="gmail_quote"><div bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><div><div><div><div><br></div><div>--- begin quote ---</div>
<div>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal">>>>
It works like this:</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal;min-height:21px"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal">For
legs:</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal;min-height:21px"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal">Entire
lower part of the leg: {’uS cha’neH}</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal">Front
of lower part of the leg (shin): {’uS reStav}</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal">Back
of the lower part of the leg (calf): {Do’ghI’}</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal;min-height:21px"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal">Entire
upper part of the leg (thigh): {’uS nev’ob}</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal;min-height:21px"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal">Unless
specificity is called for, {’uS} is generally left out of
{’uS reStav} and {’uS nev’ob}; even when the context is
clear, however, {’uS} is seldom if ever left out of {’uS
cha’neH}.</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal;min-height:21px"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal">{’uS}
tends to be used with {Do’ghI’} only if a distinction or
comparison is being made with {DeS Do’ghI’} (see below).</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal;min-height:21px"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal">For
arms:</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal;min-height:21px"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal">Entire
lower part of the arm (forearm): {cha’neH}</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal">Outer
part of the forearm (extending from the back of the hand
to outer part of the elbow): {DeS reStav}</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal">Inner
part of the forearm (extending from the palm to the elbow
pit [{DeS tutren}]): {DeS Do’ghI’}</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal;min-height:21px"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal">Entire
upper part of the arm: {DeS nev’ob}</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal;min-height:21px"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal">Unless
specificity is called for, {DeS} is generally left out of
{DeS reStav} and {DeS nev’ob}; even when the context is
clear, however, {DeS} is seldom if ever left out of {DeS
Do’ghI’}.</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal;min-height:21px"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal">{DeS}
tends to be used with {cha’neH} only if a distinction or
comparison is being made with {’uS cha’neH}.</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal;min-height:21px"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal">Glossing
{reStav} as “forearm” is a result of a mismatch between
English and Klingon. Since English has no everyday word
corresponding to either {DeS reStav} or {DeS Do’ghI’}, in
a nontechnical conversation, these would both probably be
translated into English as simply “forearm.” If one
pointed to one’s {DeS reStav} and asked “what is this
called in English?” the most likely answer would be
“forearm.” Likewise for {DeS Do’ghI’}. The specificity is
in Klingon only.</p>
<div>--- end quote ---</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div><br></div><span class="gmail_signature_prefix">-- </span><br><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature">De'vID</div></div>