<div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><br></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Tue, Aug 1, 2023 at 10:45 PM luis.chaparro--- via tlhIngan-Hol <<a href="mailto:tlhingan-hol@lists.kli.org">tlhingan-hol@lists.kli.org</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">I have some more questions about this:<br>
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1. *vengDaq taw vIghoS* would be however (without further context) ambiguous, right? It could mean: *I go along the road toward the city* or *I go along the road in the city*.<br></blockquote><div> </div><div>I believe so. Klingon only has one locative suffix which covers both "to" and "in". If these meanings are both possible, they'd have to be differentiated in some way.</div><div><br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
2. Is it allowed to put also a *-Daq* in the object when we have another noun with *-Daq*?: *vengDaq tawDaq vIghoS*.<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div>Yes. There is a canon example of this on SkyBox card 99: {qIb HeHDaq, 'u' SepmeyDaq Sovbe'lu'bogh lenglu'meH He ghoSlu'bogh retlhDaq 'oHtaH} "on the edge of the galaxy, beside a passage to unknown regions of the universe"</div><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
3. De'vID says that when the prefix *can* indicate an object, and we have a noun with *-Daq*, this noun is (usually) the object unless there's another noun or a pronoun. Couldn't these both examples have the following meanings too?:<br>
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*DujDaq ghoStaH* - It is approaching on the ship.<br>
*pa'Daq yIjaH* - Go in the room!<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div>I was told specifically that those sentences (normally) only have the meanings they are listed with in TKD, i.e., the reason that TKD does not note those sentences as being ambiguous is because they are not ambiguous, even though this isn't explained. (There was one more sentence, {jolpa'Daq yIjaH}, to which the same comment applies, but it's basically redundant with {pa'Daq yIjaH} as an example.)</div><div><br></div><div>Of course, Dr. Okrand always qualifies his statements with "generally", "normally", and so on to leave some wiggle room. I imagine that it's possible for those sentences to have the meanings you wrote above, if there is some very strong established context, but let's say that the sentences in TKD almost always have the meanings given in TKD. Those are the normal interpretations of those sentences.</div><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
*DujDaq vIghoStaH* would be clear (*I'm approaching toward the ship*), because *vI-* indicate an object, but in the examples above the prefixes *could* also indicate no object.<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div>Maybe I didn't explain this clearly, but the rule (as I understood it) is that if you have a prefix like the null prefix, where it could mean either it-none or it-it, and there's a noun with {-Daq} but no other noun in the object position, then the usual way to understand the sentence is that the prefix is being used with the it-it meaning and the {-Daq} is on the object noun. If you have a prefix that indicates an object, then the noun with {-Daq} is the object if there's no other noun in the object position.<br></div><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
4. How can I distinguish between *I go along the road* and *I approach toward the road*? Following SuStel's explanation, and supposing I've understood it right, I would say *taw vIghoS* could only mean *I go along the road*, *tawDaq vIghoS* would have two meanings: *I go along the road* with a redundant *-Daq* or *I go along (something) toward the road* with an elided pronoun. But with De'vID's explanation I'm not sure any more.</blockquote></div><div dir="ltr"><br></div>{taw vIghoS} or {tawDaq vIghoS} "I go along the road"</div><div dir="ltr">{taw vIchol} or {tawDaq vIchol} "I go towards the road"</div><div dir="ltr">{tawDaq 'oH vIghoS} "I proceed along it (presumably a course) on/to/at/in the road" (the specific relation to the road is established by context or something else)<br clear="all"><div>{taw vIcholmeH 'oH vIghoS} "I proceed along it towards the road"</div><div><br></div><span class="gmail_signature_prefix">-- </span><br><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature">De'vID</div></div></div>