<html><head><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="overflow-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;"><div>Ahh. The rare advantage of being ancient…</div><div><br></div><div>I have HolQeD v1n2.</div><div><br></div><div>There, From the Grammarian’s Desk (by Captain Krankor, it says [and I’m adding curly brackets around the Klingon text — he used bold font, and I omit so this won’t be rejected for being too long]:</div><div><br></div><div>***</div><div>Greetings from the Empire…</div><div><br></div><div>…This issue’s column will focus on the adverbials and the mystical, magical pronoun {‘e’}. Consider the following English sentence: “I never saw the captain hit the officer.” How would you render this in Klingon?</div><div><br></div><div>The first attempt might well be this:</div><div><br></div><div>{not yaS qIppu’ HoD ‘e’ vIlegh}</div><div><br></div><div>However, this would be very liable to be interpreted as “I saw the captain never hit the officer: — not quite the same thing. It seems that we want to somehow get that {not} adverbial together with the {legh} verb. Yet we know that, for the most part, adverbials are supposed to go at the beginning of sentences, aren’t they?</div><div><br></div><div>… The correct translation is:</div><div><br></div><div>{yaS qIppu’ HoD not ‘e’ vIlegh}</div><div><br></div><div>… In describing the {‘e’} sentence construction, the dictionary has this to say:</div><div><br></div><div>“Klingon has two special pronouns, {‘e’} and {net}, which refer to the previous sentence as a whole. …They are always treated as the object of the verb. …What is a single sentence in English is often /two/ sentences in Klingon.</div><div><br></div><div>… one can fall into the pit of starting to think of that little {‘e’} as a kind of conjunction, but remember, it is not: It is a pronoun, the object of the verb, and the sentences that use this construction are not sentences at all, they are /pairs/ of sentences.</div>***<div><br></div><div>His other example in the article is {chay’ veSDuj’a’ vIghajlaH DaH ‘e’ boyajchoH}. “Now you are all beginning to understand how I am able to own a great warship."</div><div><br></div><div>He also suggests that it’s okay (as we later learned from the script of a later movie) to use the {‘e’} to refer to something that was just said by a different person.</div><div><br></div><div>****</div><div>Crewman: {vavwI’ ghaH ‘aj’e’} "The admiral is my father”</div><div><br></div><div>Captain: {‘e’ vISovbe’} “I didn’t know that"</div><div>****</div><div><br></div><div>I’m happy to transcribe or scan or whatever the entire HolQeD v1n2 if someone has the tech suggestion as to how to get around text length limits on the mailing list.</div><div><br><div>
<meta charset="UTF-8"><div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;"><div>pItlh</div><div><br></div><div>charghwI’ ‘utlh</div><div>(ghaH, ghaH, -Daj)</div><div><br></div></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
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<div><br><blockquote type="cite"><div>On Apr 13, 2023, at 8:07 AM, Lieven L. Litaer via tlhIngan-Hol <tlhingan-hol@lists.kli.org> wrote:</div><div><div>...That is indeed an interesting thing to research.<br><br>I don't have v1n2, but I checked v2n1 and v2n2: It does not have<br>anything regarding the above topic.<br><br>Also, I doubt that the above phrase is a canon example, because we have<br>a quite complete corpus of canon phrases today. The search at Klingonska<br>(and also Google) does not give any response for that phrase.<br><br>It's difficult to search for that quickly. If it's a typo, it could be<br>anything.<br><br>--<br>Lieven L. Litaer<br>aka the "Klingon Teacher from Germany"<br>http://www.tlhInganHol.com<br>http://klingon.wiki/En/HolQeD<br>_______________________________________________<br>tlhIngan-Hol mailing list<br>tlhIngan-Hol@lists.kli.org<br>http://lists.kli.org/listinfo.cgi/tlhingan-hol-kli.org<br></div></div></blockquote></div><br></div></body></html>