<html><head><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="overflow-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;"><div>Of course this brings up the topic of how to say, “I fixed the computer. It should work now.”</div><div><br></div><div>De’ vItI’ta’. DaH Qaplaw’ / DaH Qap ‘e' vIpIH / DaH Qapchu’ (depending on your confidence level).</div><br><div>
<meta charset="UTF-8"><div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;"><div>pItlh</div><div><br></div><div>charghwI’ ‘utlh</div><div>(ghaH, ghaH, -Daj)</div><div><br></div></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
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<div><br><blockquote type="cite"><div>On Nov 21, 2022, at 3:07 AM, Lieven L. Litaer via tlhIngan-Hol <tlhingan-hol@lists.kli.org> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div><div>At the qepHom, Maltz explained some interesting new verb and its usage:<br><br>The request asked:<br>How does one differentiate between need to/must/have to and should/ought<br>to in Klingon? There is a rather big difference between “I need to do<br>something” (because otherwise something bad will happen) and “I should<br>do something” (because it’s the honourable thing to do).<br><br>For reference:<br>It was printed in qepHom 2022 booklet, page 20.<br><br>online in the wiki:<br>http://klingon.wiki/En/Should<br><br><br>-- begin quote --<br> For "should" or "ought," make use of tlheb "urge" as in:<br><br> qagh vISop net tlheb<br> "I should eat gagh."<br> (It is urged that I eat gagh.)<br><br> qagh DaSop 'e' vItlheb<br> "You should eat gagh (in my opinion)."<br> (I urge you to eat gagh.)<br><br> qagh vISop 'e' vItlheb<br> "I should eat gagh."<br> (I know it's the right thing for me to do)<br> (I urge me to eat gagh)<br><br> Note that the object of tlheb is the thing (activity) being urged,<br>not the person being urged. That is, you don't say something like<br>qatlheb (presumably, "I urge you"). The construction is always S 'e'/net<br>tlheb, where S is a sentence whose subject is the person being urged to<br>do whatever the verb is referring to.<br><br> For "need to" and so on, of course, use the suffix -nIS.<br><br> LL: Can I say this with the following meaning?<br> jISop 'e' Datlheb'a'<br> "Should I eat?"<br> (Do you think I should eat?)<br><br> MO: Yes.<br><br> LL: So I see a connection to the opinion of the second subject. net<br>tlheb is a general statement, while 'e' tlheb X means that person X<br>thinks that the subject of the sentence should do someting. Is that right?<br><br> MO: Right. Almost always, the subject of tlheb is "I" or "you"<br>(when it's not net tlheb), but a third-person subject is possible.<br><br>-- end quote --<br><br>Later, during the qepHom 2022, Marc Okrand clarified:<br><br> This is not used in the case of "I repaired the computer, it should<br>work now". That's a different kind of "should".<br> The usage of this expression implies the decision of the person who<br>should do something. Therefore, it is also not used in a phrase like "it<br>should rain".<br><br><br>--<br>Lieven L. Litaer<br>aka the "Klingon Teacher from Germany"<br>http://www.tlhInganHol.com<br>http://klingon.wiki/En/AliceInWonderland<br>_______________________________________________<br>tlhIngan-Hol mailing list<br>tlhIngan-Hol@lists.kli.org<br>http://lists.kli.org/listinfo.cgi/tlhingan-hol-kli.org<br></div></div></blockquote></div><br></body></html>