<div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><br></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Sat, 25 Jun 2022 at 02:47, Iikka Hauhio <<a href="mailto:fergusq@protonmail.com" target="_blank">fergusq@protonmail.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div><span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:14px;color:rgb(34,34,34)">De'vID:</span><br></div><blockquote style="border-left:3px solid rgb(200,200,200);border-top-color:rgb(200,200,200);border-right-color:rgb(200,200,200);border-bottom-color:rgb(200,200,200);padding-left:10px;color:rgb(102,102,102)"><div><span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:14px;color:rgb(34,34,34)"><div>A: {qatlh Sutamchu'?} "Why are you all silent?"<br>B1: {tlhIH(1), SuvwI'pu' Hem,} "You, proud warriors,"<br>C: {boghIjlu''a'?} "Are you afraid?"<br>B2: {tlhIH(2) je, qanra' puqloD,} "And you, sons of Kahnrah,"<br>D: {pejatlh!} "Speak up!"<br></div></span></div></blockquote><div><span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:14px;color:rgb(34,34,34)"></span><span><span></span><br></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:14px;color:rgb(34,34,34)">I'm confused about this. First of all, B1 is a vocative expression of C and B2 is a vocative expression of D. They are different sentences. But even we somehow accept that B1 and B2 are parts of the same sentence, we get this:</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:14px;color:rgb(34,34,34)"><br></span></div><div><b>tlhIH, SuvwI'pu' Hem, tlhIH je, qanra' puqloD</b></div><div><b><br></b></div><div>I don't understand how the apposition <b>qanra' puqloD</b> can come after <b>je</b>. </div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>TKD: "The conjunctions joining nouns come after the final noun." The joined nouns are {tlhIH} and {tlhIH}. It seems to me like a valid interpretation for {je} to come after the second {tlhIH}, before the apposition.</div><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div>My understanding is that <b>je</b> ends the whole noun phrase. Therefore, if we want to connect an apposition to a noun phrase inside the <b>je </b>phrase, we should put it before <b>je</b>:</div><div><br></div><div><b style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">tlhIH, SuvwI'pu' Hem, tlhIH, qanra' puqloD je</b><br></div><div><b style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><br></b></div><div>I add parentheses around the noun phrases:</div><div><br></div><div><b>(tlhIH, SuvwI'pu' Hem) (tlhIH, qanra' puqloD) je</b></div><div><br></div><div>I think this is obviously allowed. </div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>I think it's allowed, but I don't think it's obvious. And in particular I don't think it's obvious that it has the same meaning.</div><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div>However, if we move the second apposition after <b>je</b>, the second noun phrase stops, then comes <b>je</b> and then the noun phrase continues. This just seems odd to me.</div>
</blockquote></div><div><br>Let me turn this around. Suppose that the lines had been:</div>{qatlh Sutamchu' tlhIH / SuvwI'pu' Hem boghIjlu''a' / tlhIH qanra' puqloD je pejatlh}<br clear="all"><div><br>It's *this* sentence that seems odd to me. Doesn't it seem odd to you that {tlhIH qanra' puqloD je} doesn't mean "you and sons of Kahnrah" here? </div><div><br>And since the {je} is closer to {qanra' puqloD}, wouldn't the English translation be more like this:</div><div>"Why are you all silent? / You, proud warriors, are you afraid? / You, sons of Kahnrah also, speak up!"<br></div><div><br>That is, instead of having the rhetorical structure of "you... and you...", it would instead be "proud warriors... and sons of Kahnrah", which has a different emphasis.<br><br></div><div>The passage from the paq'batlh is a fairly complex sentence (or set of sentences), in spoken Klingon, addressing two groups of people. There are two possibilities:<br><br>1. The grammar is correct, and normal, for the intended meaning, namely, addressing "you... and you" with the appositions clarifying each "you". <br>2. Your suggestion is the correct ("textbook") grammar, but Kahless moved the {je} to emphaise you.. and you" (rather than "proud warriors... and sons of Kahnrah"). (Recall TKD: "when Klingon is actually spoken these rules are sometimes broken.")</div><div><br></div><div>I don't think it makes a practical difference which one is correct.<br><br></div><div>I think it's perfectly logical and reasonable to expect the construction to be the way you suggested. But I also don't think that language always works according to logic.</div><div><br></div>-- <br><div dir="ltr">De'vID</div></div>