<div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14px;"></div><div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14px;">We know that you can combine reflexive and causative suffixes. The suffixes can be interpreted in two ways:</div><div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14px;"><b><br></b></div><div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14px;"><ol><li> The causative comes before the reflexive (the subject causes themselves to do something): <b>jIQuch'eghmoH</b> <i>I cause myself to be happy.</i></li><li><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span>The causative comes after the reflexive (the subject causes someone else to do something): <span style="font-weight: bold;">Qo'noS</span> <span style="font-weight: bold;">tuqmey</span> <span style="font-weight: bold;">muvchuqmoH</span> <b>qeylIS. </b><i>Kahless united the tribes of Kronos. </i>(paq'batlh)</li></ol><div><br></div><div>We are interested in the second interpretation.</div><div><br></div><div><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);display:inline !important">There is no transitive verb "be friend", so I'm not sure what verb you would attach<span> </span></span><b style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255)">-chuq</b><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);display:inline !important"> to. Let's say we use<span> </span></span><b style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255)">parHa'</b><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);display:inline !important">.</span><br></div></div><div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14px;"><b><br></b></div><div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14px;"><b>parHa'chuq HoD yaS je. </b><i>The captain and the officer like each other.</i></div><div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14px;"><i><br></i></div><div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14px;"><b>HoD yaS je vIparHa'chuqmoH. </b><i style="">I cause the captain and the officer to like each other.</i></div><div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14px;"><i style=""><br></i></div><div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14px;">If you add <b>-choH </b>or <b>-qa'</b>, you are emphasising that there is change in state. Again, the suffixes can be interpreted in different ways depending on context:</div><div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14px;"><br></div><div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14px;"><b>HoD yaS je vIparHa'chuqqa'moH. </b><i>I cause again that the captain and the officer like each other. </i>OR <i>I cause that the captain and the other like each other again.</i></div><div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14px;"><i><br></i></div><div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14px;">The correct interpretation depends on context.</div><div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14px;"><br></div><div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14px;">Iikka "fergusq" Hauhio</div><div class="protonmail_quote">
------- Original Message -------<br>
On Thursday, March 24th, 2022 at 14.48, mayqel qunen'oS <mihkoun@gmail.com> wrote:<br><br>
<blockquote class="protonmail_quote" type="cite">
<div dir="ltr"><div>Recently, I needed to express "reconcile", so I went with "I cause x and y to become friends".</div><div><br></div><div>HoDvaD yaSvaD je juppu' vImojmoH</div><div>I cause the captain and the officer to become friends</div><div><br></div><div>The first issue with this was that without context, one couldn't know whether the captain and the officer were friends, then stopped being friends, and then I cause the reconciliation, or whether prior to my action they were never friends to start with.<br></div><div><br></div><div>Luckily, since the necessary context was available, this wasn't a problem. But then I realized something else.</div><div><br></div><div>The klingon sentence literally says "I cause the captain and the officer to become friends", but it doesn't say that I cause them to become friends with each other. So it could be also understood as me causing them to become friends with some unmentioned third party.</div><div><br></div><div>However, just before starting going down the rabbit hole of {-chuqmoH}/{-chuqqa'moH}/{-chuqchoHmoH}, I realized that perhaps there wasn't a problem since the same ambiguity exists as well in greek/english.</div><div><br></div><div>So, I guess the questions are:</div><div><br></div><div>1. Do you agree with everything so far?</div><div>2. Is there a way to express "I cause x and y to become friends" with the {-chuqmoH}/{-chuqqa'moH}/{-chuqchoHmoH}?</div><div dir="auto"><br><div data-smartmail="gmail_signature">--<br>Dana'an <br><a target="_blank" href="https://sacredtextsinklingon.wordpress.com/" rel="noreferrer nofollow noopener">https://sacredtextsinklingon.wordpress.com/</a><br>Ζεὺς ἦν, Ζεὺς ἐστίν, Ζεὺς ἔσσεται· ὦ μεγάλε Ζεῦ</div></div>
</div>
</blockquote><br>
</div>