<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div class="">Totally in agreement with SuStel. There’s a reason Klingon grammarians prefer the word “adverbials” instead of “adverbs”. In English, and adverb typically modifies a verb or an adjective "<span apple_mouseover_highlight="1" style="font-family: -apple-system; font-size: 13.4399995803833px;" class="">a</span><span style="font-family: -apple-system; font-size: 13.4399995803833px;" class=""> </span><span apple_mouseover_highlight="1" style="font-family: -apple-system; font-size: 13.4399995803833px;" class="">word</span><span style="font-family: -apple-system; font-size: 13.4399995803833px;" class=""> or phrase that modifies or qualifies an adjective, verb, or other </span><span apple_mouseover_highlight="1" style="font-family: -apple-system; font-size: 13.4399995803833px;" class="">adverb</span><font face="-apple-system" size="2" class=""> or a word group”.</font></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">In Klingon, it modifies or qualifies a sentence/clause. Period. It does the thing that adverbs do, but not to specific words or phrases. The minimum unit it can be applied to is the clause.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Okrand used the word “adverb” because he was writing for a general audience, including people not as familiar with the word “adverbial” as with “adverb”.</div><br class=""><div class="">
<meta charset="UTF-8" class=""><div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div>pItlh</div><div><br class=""></div><div>charghwI’ ‘utlh</div><div>(ghaH, ghaH, -Daj)</div><div class=""><br class=""></div></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
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<div><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On Mar 17, 2022, at 9:16 AM, SuStel <<a href="mailto:sustel@trimboli.name" class="">sustel@trimboli.name</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=""><div class="">On 3/17/2022 9:03 AM, mayqel qunen'oS wrote:<br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class="">The rule says that all non-ovs crap (adverbs, locatives, etc..) come at the beginning of the sentence.<br class=""><br class="">But the rule doesn't say that in case we have two adverbs, two time stamps, etc, each of these two adverbs/time stamps/etc needs to follow the other adverb/time stamp/etc.<br class=""><br class="">So suppose I want to say "usually at deep space intentionally on mondays the romulans disrupt our data transmissions".<br class=""><br class="">Perhaps I could say:<br class=""><br class="">motlh logh HopDaq chIch DaSjajmey jabbI'IDmeymaj nIS romuluSnganpu'<br class=""><br class="">How does this idea seem to you?<br class=""></blockquote><br class="">(With the correction of the position of the time expression)<br class=""><br class="">On Mondays, in deep space, Romulans usually and intentionally disrupt our data transmissions.<br class=""><br class=""><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class="">I think that in spoken klingon this would be easier to swallow, since one could add a slight pause to his voice to indicate how he means the sentence to be understood:<br class=""><br class="">motlh logh HopDaq (slight pause) chIch DaSjajmey (slight pause) jabbI'IDmeymaj nIS romuluSnganpu'<br class=""><br class="">Of course, one could suggest that we could use the three dots in written klingon, like this:<br class=""><br class="">motlh logh HopDaq... chIch DaSjajmey... jabbI'IDmeymaj nIS romuluSnganpu'<br class=""><br class="">But I wonder if we could pull this through without having to use the three dots.<br class=""></blockquote><br class="">What you're trying to do is to restrict the meanings of adverbials to specific type 5'd nouns by grouping them together. We don't have any evidence that Klingon does that. So far as we know, everything that goes in the "header" of the sentence applies to the entire sentence.<br class=""><br class="">-- <br class="">SuStel<br class=""><a href="http://trimboli.name" class="">http://trimboli.name</a><br class=""><br class="">_______________________________________________<br class="">tlhIngan-Hol mailing list<br class="">tlhIngan-Hol@lists.kli.org<br class="">http://lists.kli.org/listinfo.cgi/tlhingan-hol-kli.org<br class=""></div></div></blockquote></div><br class=""></body></html>