<div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><br></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Sat, 20 Nov 2021 at 23:20, Will Martin <<a href="mailto:willmartin2@mac.com">willmartin2@mac.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">There is only what has been given to us an idiomatic construction that appears to be *Sentence As Subject* using the one verb {qa’}. It apparently works like:<br>
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[simple sentence]; [simple sentence] ‘e’ qa’.<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div>While the examples used to illustrate the idiom used simple sentences, I don't see that it's necessarily restricted in that way. mayqel's original sentence which started this thread (*{pu' DIlo'; yan DIlo' 'e' qa'}) had a simple sentence in both places. The problem with it wasn't that the two sentences taking part in the idiom were complex. The problem was that the {'e'} in {'e' qa'} can only refer back to a sentence, and adding {-chugh} turned {pu' DIlo'chugh} into a subordinate clause.</div><div><br></div><div>For example, I doubt that anyone would fail to understand this sentence, despite the fact that both halves are complex:</div><div>{jIQamtaHvIS jIHegh; jItortaHvIS jIyIn 'e' qa'}<br></div><div> </div><div>There's no problem here, because the replacement is happening between the independent clauses ({jIHegh} replaces {jIyIn}), which the subordinate clauses happen to modify. The trouble mayqel's sentence ran into was that it tried to replace a part of the subordinate clause. </div><div><br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
Okrand hasn’t tended to use semicolons before, so it should alert you to how special this is.<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div>Okrand has always tended to use semicolons to join two independent sentences (in Klingon) which are thematically related (and would be one sentence in English). For example, KGT has an entire section on "Similes" of the form {[be verb]; [noun] rur} meaning "as [be verb] as [noun]", e.g., {bIr; bortaS rur} "cold as revenge". What the semicolon alerts us to here is that {[sentence1]; [sentence2] 'e' qa'} would be one sentence in English: "[sentence1] instead of [sentence2]".</div><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
That idiom we were given didn’t have {-chugh} on any of the verbs. You keep trying to add it. It’s probably a bad idea to add any dependent clauses to any part of this idiom, unless we get a canon example or an explanation that clears the way.<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div>That seems excessively conservative. The idiom we were given didn't have a lot of things on any of the verbs. Nothing was mentioned about any restrictions on the complexity of the sentence {'e'} can refer back to.</div><div><br></div><div>There doesn't seem to be anything wrong with using {-chugh} with {'e' qa'} if the {'e'} refers back to an entire sentence:</div><div>{bIjatlhchu'chugh qanaD; bIjatlhHa'chugh qaHoH 'e' qa'}</div><div><br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
Maybe this works, though I have my doubts, and nobody but Okrand can tell you, “Yes, this is how it works with {-chugh}.<br>
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We went through this with Comparative instructions. Okrand, in that case, did expand on how complex [X Q law’ Y Q puS] could get, but we would not have been justified in assuming that this would be the case until Okrand opened the way.<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div>We did go through it with the comparative construction, but I think you're drawing the wrong lesson. In that construction, it was originally unspecified how complex the {X} and {Y} slots could get. The examples from TKD all had simple nouns. If someone were to say, the construction seems to be of the form {[simple noun] Q law' [simple noun] Q puS}, they would've been unjustifiably conservative. It turns out that basically any noun phrase is allowed in the "noun" slot. In the same way, I think any sentence can go into the "sentence" slots in the {'e' qa'} idiom - the key being that they must be sentences, not subordinate clauses. (Of course, there might be stylistic or comprehensibility considerations if the sentences are too complex, but that's not a problem with the grammar.)</div></div><div><br></div>-- <br><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature">De'vID</div></div>