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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Also, the text you presented is not what I would call a definition. It is an explanation of the definition, which is given in TKD as “for, intended for.”<br><br>I think that “for the benefit of” describes grammatical “benefit”, not benefit to the “recipient.” It says that the “noun” is the beneficiary, not that “someone” is the beneficiary.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>What if I say {juHDajvaD yIHmey vInob} (I apologize if that sentence is poorly formed; I am a lowly Level 1)? Giving a Klingon tribbles for his house provides no benefit for the Klingon or his house.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> tlhIngan-Hol [mailto:tlhingan-hol-bounces@lists.kli.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>SuStel<br><b>Sent:</b> Thursday, November 4, 2021 7:41 AM<br><b>To:</b> tlhingan-hol@lists.kli.org<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [tlhIngan Hol] {-vaD} "for the benefit of"<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal>On 11/3/2021 11:37 PM, Scott D. Randel wrote:<o:p></o:p></p></div><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Thank you for your comments.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><br>However, I was not asking for an explanation of the definition, which I understand. I was asking if anybody could tell me where the definition “for the benefit of” originated, as TKD defines {-vaD} simply as “for, intended for.”</span><o:p></o:p></p></blockquote><p>But it doesn't define <b>-vaD</b> simply as <i>for, intended for.</i> It defines it by saying, "This suffix indicates that the noun to which it is attached is in some way the beneficiary of the action, the person or thing for whom or for which the activity occurs." A beneficiary is someone who receives a benefit. The verb occurs for or to the benefit of the noun marked by <b>-vaD.</b><o:p></o:p></p><p><o:p> </o:p></p><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> tlhIngan-Hol [<a href="mailto:tlhingan-hol-bounces@lists.kli.org">mailto:tlhingan-hol-bounces@lists.kli.org</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>SuStel<br><b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, November 2, 2021 6:14 AM<br><b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:tlhingan-hol@lists.kli.org">tlhingan-hol@lists.kli.org</a><br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [tlhIngan Hol] {-vaD} "for the benefit of"</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal>On 11/2/2021 2:01 AM, Lieven L. Litaer wrote:<o:p></o:p></p></div><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal>Am 02.11.2021 um 04:57 schrieb Scott D. Randel: <br><br><br><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#007CFF'>I have asked several people where they learned that meaning, and all <br>they could tell me was that they read or heard that definition long ago. <br>TKD does not use that wording. Does anybody here translate it this way, <br>and if so, do you know where you learned that definition? </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><br>I guess it is derived from the word benificiary, which TKD really uses. <br><br>“This suffix indicates that the noun to which it is attached is in some <br>way the beneficiary of the action, the person or thing for whom or for <br>which the activity occurs.” <br><br>I'm not sure if there is a difference between "beneficiary of" and <br>"benefit of".<o:p></o:p></p></blockquote><p>And in that quotation is a definition of the word. A beneficiary is a person or thing that receives a benefit.<o:p></o:p></p><p><b>Qu'vaD lI' De'vam</b><i> This information is useful for the mission.</i> The mission receives the benefit of the information's usefulness.<o:p></o:p></p><p><b>SoSDajvaD HaDqu' be'Hom</b><i> The girl studies hard for her mother.</i> The mother receives the benefit of knowing the girl is trying to do well in her studies.<o:p></o:p></p><p><b>qama'vaD taj nob 'avwI'</b><i> The guard gives the prisoner a knife.</i> The prisoner receives the benefit of possessing an object. This particular use also maps onto the concept of indirect object, and is described in the addendum to TKD as thus.<o:p></o:p></p><pre>-- <o:p></o:p></pre><pre>SuStel<o:p></o:p></pre><pre><a href="http://trimboli.name">http://trimboli.name</a><o:p></o:p></pre><div id=DAB4FAD8-2DD7-40BB-A1B8-4E2AA1F9FDF2><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><table class=MsoNormalTable border=1 cellspacing=3 cellpadding=0 style='border:none;border-top:solid #D3D4DE 1.0pt'><tr><td width=69 style='width:41.25pt;border:none;padding:9.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'><p class=MsoNormal><a href="http://www.avg.com/email-signature?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_campaign=sig-email&utm_content=emailclient" target="_blank"><span style='border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in;text-decoration:none'><img border=0 width=46 height=29 id="_x0000_i1025" src="cid:image001.jpg@01D7D1BC.7DB85C10" alt="Image removed by sender."></span></a><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=588 style='width:352.5pt;border:none;padding:9.0pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:13.5pt'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#41424E'>Virus-free. <a href="http://www.avg.com/email-signature?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_campaign=sig-email&utm_content=emailclient" target="_blank"><span style='color:#4453EA'>www.avg.com</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr></table></div><p class=MsoNormal><br><br><o:p></o:p></p><pre>_______________________________________________<o:p></o:p></pre><pre>tlhIngan-Hol mailing list<o:p></o:p></pre><pre><a href="mailto:tlhIngan-Hol@lists.kli.org">tlhIngan-Hol@lists.kli.org</a><o:p></o:p></pre><pre><a href="http://lists.kli.org/listinfo.cgi/tlhingan-hol-kli.org">http://lists.kli.org/listinfo.cgi/tlhingan-hol-kli.org</a><o:p></o:p></pre></blockquote><p><o:p> </o:p></p><pre>-- <o:p></o:p></pre><pre>SuStel<o:p></o:p></pre><pre><a href="http://trimboli.name">http://trimboli.name</a><o:p></o:p></pre></div></body></html>