<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div class="">I just had a new thought about a recent thread.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">If a Klingon might misquote a direct quotation, but would never express an indirect quotation, what exactly is an indirect quotation?</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">The knee-jerk difference one suspects as a speaker of a language that has accepted grammatical constructions for both direct and indirect quotation is to think that indirect quotation paraphrases what a person has said, focusing on the intent or meaning of the quote, while direct quotation is a word-for-word reenactment of original speech, but that misses the potential higher level of understanding of a language that doesn’t have a grammatical form to represent indirect speech.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">************************************************************************************************************************</div><div class="">The grammatical difference is all about the person of the subject and objects of the verbs in the quotation.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div>************************************************************************************************************************<div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Imagine that SuStel says to De’vID, “I will not leave until charghwI’ arrives.”</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Now, charghwI’ says one of the following to De’vID:</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">1. SuStel said, “I will not leave until charghwI’ arrives.”</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">2. SuStel said, “I’m waiting for charghwI’ to show up.”</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">3. SuStel said that he would not leave until I arrive.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">4. SuStel said that he’s waiting for me to show up.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Grammatically, both 1 and 2 are direct quotations. One is accurate and the other is paraphrased, but grammatically, both are “direct”.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Both 3 and 4 are indirect quotation. The First Person subject of 1 and 2 became a third person subject in 3 and 4, and the third person object of 1 and 2 became a first person object of 3 and 4.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Either grammatical construction can accurately or inaccurately depict the original speech. The word “Direct” doesn’t imply “word-for-word”. It more simply refers to whether the “Person” anchor of the retold speech is kept to the grammatical context of the original, or modified to apply to the grammatical context of the current speaker, retelling the story. So, when we say that Klingon only supports direct quotation, it doesn’t imply anything about it being “word for word”.</div><div class=""><br class=""><div class="">
<meta charset="UTF-8" class=""><div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div>pItlh</div><div><br class=""></div><div>charghwI’ ‘utlh</div><div>(ghaH, ghaH, -Daj)</div><div class=""><br class=""></div></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
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<div><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On Aug 18, 2021, at 10:44 AM, Will Martin <<a href="mailto:willmartin2@mac.com" class="">willmartin2@mac.com</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=""><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" class=""><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div class="">...</div><div class="">There may be other ways to express quotations, but these are the rules we’ve been given and we haven’t seen good examples in canon to expand on our resources for expressing quotation. We’re not sure that Klingon has grammar to express an indirect quotation. We have only been given means of expressing direct quotation.</div><div class="">...</div></div></div></blockquote></div><br class=""></div></body></html>