<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div class="">{neH} is remarkably exceptional.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">As the second verb in a Sentence As Object (SAO) construction, it uniquely omits the pronoun {‘e’}, acting almost like it might have been a verb suffix (on the first verb in SAO), except that it needed a way to indicate who wants the first verb to happen. No other verb can be used as second verb in SAO without {‘e’}.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">As an averbial, it is uniquely capable of modifying a noun. No other adverbial can be applied to a noun.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">As an adverbial, it follows the noun or verb it modifies. No other adverbial does this.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">In English, the word “only” can either mean “exclusively”, or it can mean, “merely, trivially, parenthetically, additionally”, and weirdly for an alien language, Klingon {neH} can be used in either of these two unrelated meanings for “only”.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">The strange part about this mapping of both meanings of the adverbial is that in Klingon, when {neH} modifies a verb, it means “merely”, but when it modifies a noun, it means “exclusively”. Weirder still, the same can commonly be true in English, as in the difference between:</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">I only tapped him on the shoulder. It’s not a big deal. If he spun around, drew a weapon and shot me five times, that would be an unjustifiable overreaction.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">I tapped him only on the shoulder. I didn’t tap him on the head. I didn’t tap him on the butt. I didn’t tap him on the nose. The only place I tapped him was the shoulder.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">In the canon example, it follows {ponglu’}, a verb, not the implied {Qo’noS} or {juHqo’}. If the sentence had been {roD ‘oHvaD juHqo’ neH ponglu’}, it would have meant, “One usually calls it “home world”, exclusively.” In other words, one almost never uses the name “Kronos”, but instead usually calls it “home world”.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">But since {neH} follows {ponglu’}, it can exclusively mean that the action of the verb {ponglu’} is trivial, parenthetical, or additional. You can call it Kronos, or you can call it home world. It doesn’t matter, really. {roD} implies that “home world” is probably more common, but nobody will be startled if you call it “Kronos” instead.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Also, you might interpret it to mean that you usually don’t call it “the home world, Kronos”. Either term is enough, alone. If you say, “home world”, nobody is going to ask, “Which home world do you mean?”</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">It’s like, if you were in England in the 1800s and you said, “We’re going on a tour of the empire”, nobody would ask you, “Which empire do you mean?” Everyone would know you mean the British Empire.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">All Klingons know that the home world is Qo’noS.</div><br class=""><div class="">
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<div><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On May 2, 2021, at 8:11 AM, SuStel <<a href="mailto:sustel@trimboli.name" class="">sustel@trimboli.name</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class="">
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<div class="">
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 5/2/2021 7:17 AM, mayqel qunen'oS
wrote:<br class="">
</div>
<blockquote type="cite" cite="mid:CAP7F2cLOFfuFDM39PhDj5d7f1Fy996ETxafj1oycGx=pxrv5NA@mail.gmail.com" class="">
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<div class="">Ca'Non sentence:</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">roD 'oHvaD juHqo' ponglu' neH</div>
<div class="">[Qo'noS] is usually referred to as simply "the homeworld"</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">I can't understand how this Ca'Non klingon sentence
produces the english one; if I hadn't read the translation,
I'd understand it as "it is merely called homeworld". Which in
turn wouldn't make sense not even in english.</div>
</div>
</blockquote><p class="">Marc's translation is fine. Your problem stems from your
non-native understanding of English and your focus on a single way
to translate from Klingon.</p>
<br class="">
<blockquote type="cite" cite="mid:CAP7F2cLOFfuFDM39PhDj5d7f1Fy996ETxafj1oycGx=pxrv5NA@mail.gmail.com" class="">
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<div class="">What does "merely called" actually mean? Does it mean that
something is "merely called" as opposed to something
additional being happening to it? If I say "the officer merely
hit the prisoner", then this means that he hit the prisoner
without doing anything else to him; it means "he just hit the
prisoner; he didn't for example execute him too".</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">So, what the jay' does "something is merely called"
actually mean? Does it mean "we just call it something,
without let's say having sex with it too"?</div>
</div>
</blockquote><p class="">If something is <i class="">merely called</i> something else, it means it
is called that something else, but that something else is somehow
simpler or less important than its other name.</p><p class=""><i class="">Referred to as simply</i> means exactly the same thing as <i class="">merely
called.</i><br class="">
</p><p class=""><i class="">His name was Benjamin Buford Blue, but Forrest merely called
him Bubba.</i> This tells you that <i class="">Bubba</i> is a nickname
with less stature than the full name.</p><p class="">So when we have <i class="">It is usually referred to as "the homeworld,"
</i>it's saying that most people don't bother to say the correct
name <i class="">Kronos</i> very much and instead use this informal name.<br class="">
</p><p class=""><br class="">
</p>
<blockquote type="cite" cite="mid:CAP7F2cLOFfuFDM39PhDj5d7f1Fy996ETxafj1oycGx=pxrv5NA@mail.gmail.com" class="">
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<div class="">This Ca'Non sentence seems like 'oqranD wanted to use the
adverb "simply", which of course is non-existent in the
so-called warrior language,</div>
</div>
</blockquote><p class="">I doubt that Okrand wrote the English text. He just translated
it.<br class="">
</p><p class=""><br class="">
</p>
<blockquote type="cite" cite="mid:CAP7F2cLOFfuFDM39PhDj5d7f1Fy996ETxafj1oycGx=pxrv5NA@mail.gmail.com" class="">
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<div class=""> and for lack of a better alternative, shoved up a {neH}
after the {ponglu'}, while at the same time giving a different
english translation than klingon sentence actually implies.</div>
</div>
</blockquote><p class="">No, the <b class="">neH</b> translates the <i class="">simply</i> correctly.<br class="">
</p><p class=""><br class="">
</p>
<blockquote type="cite" cite="mid:CAP7F2cLOFfuFDM39PhDj5d7f1Fy996ETxafj1oycGx=pxrv5NA@mail.gmail.com" class="">
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<div class="">I could understand it if he wrote:</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">roD 'oHvaD juHqo' neH ponglu'</div>
<div class="">[Qo'noS] is usually referred to as only "the homeworld"</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">Meaning "Kronos is usually called only by the name of
homeworld"; i.e. usually no other name is being used for
Kronos, except "the homeworld".</div>
</div>
</div>
</blockquote><p class="">That's not what they're trying to express. They're saying that
Klingons usually use a less formal name than the planet's actual
name.<br class="">
</p>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">--
SuStel
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://trimboli.name/">http://trimboli.name</a></pre>
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