<div dir="auto"><div><br><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Wed., Feb. 17, 2021, 20:38 Lieven L. Litaer, <<a href="mailto:levinius@gmx.de" rel="noreferrer noreferrer noreferrer" target="_blank">levinius@gmx.de</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">Am 17.02.2021 um 18:05 schrieb De'vID:<br>
> Read the part in TKD 6.3 where it says "In the above examples, the<br>
> subjects are pronouns. If the subject is a noun, it follows the<br>
> third-person pronoun...". The fact that pronouns and nouns are treated<br>
> differently here rules out your substitution.<br>
<br>
That is all correct. But I do not see a strict rule saying that it is<br>
"not possible" to do what mayqel suggested. The rule only says what to<br>
do when the the subject is a noun.</blockquote></div></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">The exclusion is implicit in the context, because pronouns are a subclass of nouns. Consider that the subject is *always* a noun. (What else could it be? A verb? An adverbial?) So wouldn't "If the subject is a noun" always be true? Right after dealing with pronouns, it obviously means "If the subject is a noun [which is not a pronoun]", in context. </div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"> I still believe that when we apply<br>
the rule described in chapter 3.3.5 talking about emphasis, mayqel's<br>
suggestion might work.<br></blockquote></div></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">But only in Morskan. ;-) </div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">(In standard Klingon, the {-'e'} already marks the subject in the copula, so it can't do double duty as an emphasis marker. See KGT p.23.)</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
All just theoretically, but if you really take things exactly as<br>
written, that chapter also says. (upper case added for emphasis)<br>
<br>
"This suffix emphasizes that the NOUN to which it is attached is the<br>
topic of the sentence. In English, this is frequently accomplished by<br>
stressing the NOUN [...]<br>
<br>
And then, the first given example uses a PRONOUN.<br></blockquote></div></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Not a contradiction, because pronouns are a subclass of nouns, and in this *other* context, they haven't been excluded.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
I read {DujDaq maHtaH maH'e'} as an emphasis as the English "WE are in<br>
the shuttle." And I do not see where it breaks a rule.<br></blockquote></div></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">In TKD section 6.3, which deals with "to be", it says "The pronoun always follows the noun." The entire section assumes that there's only one pronoun ("the pronoun"), and it follows the noun object. After explaining the simple case where there is only a pronoun (and no explicit noun subject), it says "If the subject is a noun, it follows the third-person pronoun... and takes the {-'e'} 'topic' suffix". (Note: "the third-person" pronoun, not "a third-person pronoun".)</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">The rule that sentence is breaking is that there is more than one pronoun in a sentence where it has the sense of "to be". (The rule is implicit, and maybe someone could say there isn't such a rule, but doing so would require an explanation of why the phrase "If the subject is a noun" is necessary if its purpose isn't to rule out a pronoun in the subject slot.) </div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Aside: It also says "third-person pronoun", so that rules out things like {HoD jIH wo'rIv'e'} "I, Worf, am the captain." (That might be a sentence which is accepted but not grammatical.)</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">-- </div><div dir="auto">De'vID</div></div>