<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div class="">I’m curious as to how {-pu’} could be used with {wejHa’}, since I’ve never seen it used with any adverbial before. {wejHa’} is not a verb, and so far as I know {-Ha’} is the only verb suffix that can be used (and not universally) on (certain) adverbials (when it produces meaningful results)…</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">… unless you are commenting on the idea of using {-pu’} on a verb in a clause with {wejHa’} at its head, which seems simple enough that I wonder why it even bears comment.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Meanwhile, I’m wondering if “I have to leave because it is already dark,” has the potential to be very ambiguous, if you aren’t careful about optional word order. There’s a subtle difference between that English sentence and “I already have to leave because it is dark."</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Instead of spouting off about how it should be done as if I weren’t rusty, I’ll ask.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">In a simple sentence, an adverbial comes before the main verb. If there is a dependent clause, would the adverbial come before the clause it applies to, or would it come before a dependent clause that precedes the main clause, even if it were meant to apply to the main verb?</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Preferably, give examples of different ways to translate the sentence with {Hurghmo’}, {jItlheDnIS}, and {wejHa’} sequenced in order to give the two clear meanings and the one ambiguous one.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">
<div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;">charghwI’ vaghnerya’ngan<br class=""><br class="">rInpa’ bomnIS be’’a’ pI’.</div>
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<div><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On Dec 16, 2020, at 12:10 PM, Jackson Bradley <<a href="mailto:j.monroe.bradley@gmail.com" class="">j.monroe.bradley@gmail.com</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div dir="ltr" class="">Woo-hoo! New words! jISeyqu'ba'!</div><div dir="ltr" class="">A huge congratulations and thanks to Lieven who put all this together! bIDunqu'!<br class=""><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Some of what's included in the list this year is vocab I received for a book I recently finished, <i class="">cha' </i><i class="">monmey</i> (<a href="http://klingon.wiki/En/ChaMonmey" target="_blank" class="">http://klingon.wiki/En/ChaMonmey</a>). It's quite lengthy, and so there were a few terms for which I ended up querying Dr. Okrand (and Maltz, of course) in order to make my text as clean as possible.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Most of that info can be found in the qepHom booklet, so I won't be redundant and also post it here. I will, however, post a clarification on the word <b class="">qal</b> and some more culled comments on <b class="">wejHa'</b>:</div><div class=""></div><div class=""><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none;" class=""><tbody class=""><tr class=""><td width="168" valign="top" style="width:1.75in;padding:0in 5.4pt" class=""></td><td width="192" valign="top" style="width:144.35pt;padding:0in 5.4pt" class=""></td><td width="354" valign="top" style="width:265.15pt;padding:0in 5.4pt" class=""><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in;text-align:justify"><span lang="EN-US" class=""><font face="arial, sans-serif" class=""> </font></span></p></td></tr><tr class=""><td width="168" valign="top" style="width:1.75in;padding:0in 5.4pt" class=""><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in"></p><ul class=""><li style="margin-left:15px" class=""><b class=""><span lang="EN-US" class=""><font face="arial, sans-serif" class="">qal</font></span></b><br class=""></li></ul><div class=""><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div></td><td width="192" valign="top" style="width:144.35pt;padding:0in 5.4pt" class=""><div style="margin: 0in;" class=""><i class=""><span lang="EN-US" class=""><font face="arial, sans-serif" class="">be corrupt (v)</font></span></i></div></td><td width="354" valign="top" style="width:265.15pt;padding:0in 5.4pt" class=""><div style="margin: 0in;" class=""><span lang="EN-US" class=""><font face="arial, sans-serif" class="">this can be used to describe corrupt people</font></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in"><span lang="EN-US" class=""><font face="arial, sans-serif" class=""> </font></span></p></td></tr><tr class=""><td width="168" valign="top" style="width:1.75in;padding:0in 5.4pt" class=""><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in"></p><div class=""><font face="arial, sans-serif" class=""><b class=""><br class=""></b></font></div></td><td width="192" valign="top" style="width:144.35pt;padding:0in 5.4pt" class=""></td><td width="354" valign="top" style="width:265.15pt;padding:0in 5.4pt" class=""></td></tr><tr class=""><td width="168" valign="top" style="width:1.75in;padding:0in 5.4pt" class=""><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in"></p><ul class=""><li style="margin-left:15px" class=""><b class=""><span lang="EN-US" class=""><font face="arial, sans-serif" class="">wejHa'</font></span></b><br class=""></li></ul><div class=""><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div></td><td width="192" valign="top" style="width:144.35pt;padding:0in 5.4pt" class=""><div style="margin: 0in;" class=""><i class=""><span lang="EN-US" class=""><font face="arial, sans-serif" class="">already (adv)</font></span></i></div></td><td width="354" valign="top" style="width:265.15pt;padding:0in 5.4pt" class=""><div style="margin: 0in;" class=""><font face="arial, sans-serif" class=""><b class=""><span lang="EN-US" class="">wejHa'</span></b><span lang="EN-US" class=""> is an adverbial meaning "before now" or "as of now." It doesn't have to be "now" (meaning the time of speaking), of course, so maybe a better (though more awkward) characterization is something like "before or as of a time referenced in the sentence or context."</span></font></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in"><span lang="EN-US" class=""><font face="arial, sans-serif" class=""> </font></span></p><div style="margin: 0in;" class=""><font face="arial, sans-serif" class=""><i class=""><span lang="EN-US" class="">I've already bought food</span></i><span lang="EN-US" class=""> ("already" referencing now, the time of speaking)</span></font></div><div style="margin: 0in;" class=""><font face="arial, sans-serif" class=""><i class=""><span lang="EN-US" class="">By 6:00 p.m., I'd already bought food</span></i><span lang="EN-US" class=""> ("already" referencing a time established in the sentence or context)</span></font></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in"><span lang="EN-US" class=""><font face="arial, sans-serif" class=""> </font></span></p><div style="margin: 0in;" class=""><span lang="EN-US" class=""><font face="arial, sans-serif" class="">I suppose "already" is a good short gloss. </font></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in"><span lang="EN-US" class=""><font face="arial, sans-serif" class=""> </font></span></p><div style="margin: 0in;" class=""><span lang="EN-US" class=""><font face="arial, sans-serif" class="">As with "already," I think you'd use <b class="">wejHa'</b> if you intend to explicitly indicate a change of state or change of conditions. For example, "already" in <i class="">I have to leave because it's already dark </i>implies not only that it's dark now, but that the change from light to dark is somehow relevant — it's <i class="">become</i> dark, it's <i class="">no longer</i> not dark (perhaps it got dark sooner than expected or desired or while nobody was paying attention to the time or something like that). The sentence means more than just "I have to leave because it is dark now."</font></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in"><span lang="EN-US" class=""><font face="arial, sans-serif" class=""> </font></span></p><div style="margin: 0in;" class=""><span lang="EN-US" class=""><font face="arial, sans-serif" class="">But <b class="">wejHa'</b> doesn't totally match up with English "already." <b class="">wejHa'</b> does not carry the connotation of impatience or exasperation expressed by "already" in <i class="">Stop already with the fidgeting.</i></font></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in"><span lang="EN-US" class=""><font face="arial, sans-serif" class=""> </font></span></p><div style="margin: 0in;" class=""><font face="arial, sans-serif" class=""><b class=""><span lang="EN-US" class="">wejHa'</span></b><span lang="EN-US" class=""> and <b class="">-pu'</b> can be (but don't have to be) used together. And it's subtle.</span></font></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in"><span lang="EN-US" class=""><font face="arial, sans-serif" class=""> </font></span></p></td></tr><tr class=""><td width="168" valign="top" style="width:1.75in;padding:0in 5.4pt" class=""><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in"></p><div class=""><font face="arial, sans-serif" class=""><b class=""><br class=""></b></font></div></td><td width="192" valign="top" style="width:144.35pt;padding:0in 5.4pt" class=""></td><td width="354" valign="top" style="width:265.15pt;padding:0in 5.4pt" class=""></td></tr></tbody></table><div style="margin: 0in;" class=""><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0in;" class=""><span lang="EN-US" class=""><i class=""><font face="arial, sans-serif" class=""><br class=""></font></i></span></div><div style="margin: 0in;" class=""><font face="arial, sans-serif" class="">rIn.</font></div><div style="margin: 0in;" class=""><font face="arial, sans-serif" class="">-DeSDu'</font></div></div></div></div><br class=""><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">Le mer. 16 déc. 2020, à 07 h 53, Lieven L. Litaer <<a href="mailto:levinius@gmx.de" class="">levinius@gmx.de</a>> a écrit :<br class=""></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-style:solid;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">Am 16.12.2020 um 13:46 schrieb Jeremy Silver:<br class="">
> I notice this word lurking in the *Clarifications and additions* section on<br class="">
> the wiki page:<br class="">
><br class="">
> ghaS ("indicate, signal")<br class="">
><br class="">
> Is this a brand new word that needs to be in the main list?<br class="">
<br class="">
Yes, indeed. Thanks for noticing. I'll fix that immediately.<br class="">
<br class="">
--<br class="">
Lieven L. Litaer<br class="">
aka the "Klingon Teacher from Germany"<br class="">
<a href="http://www.tlhinganhol.com/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" class="">http://www.tlhInganHol.com</a><br class="">
<a href="http://klingon.wiki/En/NewWordsQepHom2020" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" class="">http://klingon.wiki/En/NewWordsQepHom2020</a><br class="">
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