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<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 9/28/2020 3:38 PM, Will Martin
wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite"
cite="mid:18C2CCA3-6792-401D-B2A9-59D94870ADD2@mac.com">But in
Klingon, {‘ach HoD, Hevetlh wIghoSchugh, veH tIn wI’el maH’e’} we
have the first person plural subject indicated by the prefix
{wI-}, with emphasis added by the explicit, uncommonly redundant
pronoun {maH}, and just to make sure that the pronoun was noticed,
it was marked with {-‘e’}</blockquote>
<p>Well, no. The <b>maH</b> is there strictly so that we can hang
the <b>-'e'</b> on it.</p>
<p>See, when we say that <b>-'e'</b> provides emphasis, what we
really mean is that it provides a semantic meaning that doesn't
exist without it: focus. <b>-'e'</b> on a subject or object means
exclusivity. The <b>-'e'</b> is not just some vague sense of
emphasis; it has a semantic meaning, just like <b>-Daq</b> has
the semantic meaning of locative. <b>Duj</b> means <i>ship. </i><b>DujDaq</b>
means <i>in/on/at the ship.</i> <b>Duj'e'</b> means <i>the ship
and not something else.</i></p>
<p>The <b>maH</b> is only there so that we can use <b>-'e'</b> on
it to say <i>us and not someone else;</i> it would be impossible
to say that without using the pronoun.<br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<blockquote type="cite"
cite="mid:18C2CCA3-6792-401D-B2A9-59D94870ADD2@mac.com">It makes
sense to verbally emphasize the {-‘e’}, since it is basically the
equivalent of spitting after saying the word {taHqeq}. It’s making
sure that the listener knows that word was not just casually
included as a side note. That word is doing jumping jacks, waving
signal flags, firing off flares and screaming to be noticed as
important.</blockquote>
<p>No, it's just the fact that in a noun, syllables that end in <b>qaghwI'</b>
are stressed. The way Vixis says <b>maH'e',</b> with stress on
the <b>-'e',</b> is just the natural way to say the word. She
doesn't scream it. You also stress a word this way when the <b>-'e'</b>
is playing the role of topic, without emphasis: <b>'entepray' 'oH
DoS'e'</b><i> As for the target, it is </i>Enterprise.<br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<blockquote type="cite"
cite="mid:18C2CCA3-6792-401D-B2A9-59D94870ADD2@mac.com">
<div class="">"Yo! The people heading into the Great Barrier right
now? Those people are WE! WE are heading into the Great Barrier!
You! Me! All the rest of the people on this ship. WE are heading
into the Great Barrier. I’m not talking about anybody else,
here. I’m talking about US! Got that?"</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">All that in one syllable. Yes, Klingon can be
remarkably concise.</div>
</blockquote>
<p><b>bo'Dagh'a' Dalo'.</b> All the <b>-'e'</b> does is add "(not
someone/something else)" to the meaning of the noun. This is a
simple morpheme indicating grammatical focus. It just so happens
that English does not have a morpheme that does the same thing.
But you can approximate it by stressing the word instead. <i>But
WE will enter the Barrier!</i> In a sense, that's even more
concise than the Klingon, as you haven't added any morphemes at
all.<br>
</p>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">--
SuStel
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://trimboli.name">http://trimboli.name</a></pre>
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