<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div class="">I love this canon example because the Klingon is less ambiguous than its English translation.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">In English, “But Captain, that course will take us into the Barrier as well,” could either mean that it will take US there as well as someone else, or it could mean it will take us THERE, as well as other places. We need context to figure out which is the case.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">But in Klingon, {‘ach HoD, Hevetlh wIghoSchugh, veH tIn wI’el maH’e’} we have the first person plural subject indicated by the prefix {wI-}, with emphasis added by the explicit, uncommonly redundant pronoun {maH}, and just to make sure that the pronoun was noticed, it was marked with {-‘e’} so the Captain would recognize that the whole point of this sentence is to discuss something that WE are about to do. Not somebody else. WE.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">It makes sense to verbally emphasize the {-‘e’}, since it is basically the equivalent of spitting after saying the word {taHqeq}. It’s making sure that the listener knows that word was not just casually included as a side note. That word is doing jumping jacks, waving signal flags, firing off flares and screaming to be noticed as important.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">"Yo! The people heading into the Great Barrier right now? Those people are WE! WE are heading into the Great Barrier! You! Me! All the rest of the people on this ship. WE are heading into the Great Barrier. I’m not talking about anybody else, here. I’m talking about US! Got that?"</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">All that in one syllable. Yes, Klingon can be remarkably concise.</div><br class=""><div class="">
<div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;">charghwI’ vaghnerya’ngan<br class=""><br class="">rInpa’ bomnIS be’’a’ pI’.</div>
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<div><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On Sep 28, 2020, at 10:16 AM, SuStel <<a href="mailto:sustel@trimboli.name" class="">sustel@trimboli.name</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class="">
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<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Example:</div><p class="">Vixis in <i class="">Star Trek V:</i> <b class="">'ach HoD, Hevetlh wIghoSchugh,
veH tIn wI'el maH'e'.</b> <i class="">But Captain, that course will take
us into the Barrier as well.</i> Vixis doesn't give particular
stress to the <b class="">maH, </b>but her voice rises on the <b class="">'e'.</b><br class="">
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<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">--
SuStel
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://trimboli.name/">http://trimboli.name</a></pre>
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