<div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">maj! I'm a little confused by one small thing. What's the difference between a {cha'neH} and a {DeS reStav}? Does {cha'neH} include the whole forearm, whereas {DeS reStav} only applies to one side? Or are they synonymous?</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Also, some puns: <br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">{Do'ghI'} - <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dogie">https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dogie</a></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">{rIv} - <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rive#English">https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rive#English</a></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"></div></div><div dir="ltr"><div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif" class="gmail_default">{jIb} - <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gibbet">https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gibbet</a></div><div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif" class="gmail_default">{'on'I'} - perhaps from the "-ino" on "cappucino" and "raktajino", drinks with foamy milk</div><div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif" class="gmail_default"></div><div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif" class="gmail_default"><br></div></div><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Mon, Mar 30, 2020 at 4:02 PM Lieven L. Litaer <<a href="mailto:levinius@gmx.de">levinius@gmx.de</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">For the creation of the play {mu' mu' mu'} by the Dutch theatre company<br>
URLAND that premiered on 4th of March 2020, I was asked to translate a<br>
German play into Klingon, which was partially used in their play. The<br>
play "Die Hamletmaschine" by German author Heiner Müller was written in<br>
1977, is internationally known and has been translated into several<br>
languages.<br>
<br>
During translation work, I got help from Marc Okrand who could discuss<br>
some useful information with Maltz. Due to some copyright situations, I<br>
cannot publish the translation right now, but I do not want to keep<br>
those words hidden until publication until then, so here we go.<br>
<br>
For a clearer and more "colorful" overview, see the page at the Klingon<br>
Language wiki: <a href="http://klingon.wiki/En/Hamletmachine" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://klingon.wiki/En/Hamletmachine</a><br>
<br>
Body parts:<br>
== Okrand quote ==<br>
{nev'ob} refers to both the "thigh" and the "upper arm" (above the<br>
elbow). Similarly, {reStav} refers to both the "shin" and the "forearm."<br>
If it's necessary to make a distinction, precede these words with {'uS}<br>
or {DeS}.<br>
<br>
{cha'neH}, when used alone, means "forearm." But when preceded by {'uS},<br>
it means "lower part of the leg." You could also say {DeS cha'neH} for<br>
"forearm," but this would probably be used only in a context where you<br>
were talking about both the forearm and the lower leg and wanted to<br>
clarify which was which.<br>
<br>
{reStav} is "shin," meaning the front of the lower leg. (I assume<br>
"Schienbein" is "shin bone." {reStav} is more than just the bone. The<br>
only way Maltz was aware of for referring to the bone is {reStav Hom}.)<br>
<br>
{Do'ghI'} is "calf," meaning the back of the lower leg ("Wade," presumably).<br>
== Okrand quote end ==<br>
<br>
Clarifying "hang":<br>
== Okrand quote ==<br>
{HuS} takes an object. If your shoes are hanging on a wall it's because<br>
somebody hung them there.<br>
<br>
{HuS} is not used to mean "lynch" or "execute by hanging." That's a<br>
different word: {jIb}. (Maltz thought maybe an early form of torture or<br>
execution was hanging people by their hair, but he wasn't totally sure<br>
about this and may have just been reacting to the homophony.)<br>
<br>
And there's another word: {tlhep} "be suspended, be dangling." Use<br>
{HuS} if, for example, you hang your coat on a hook on the wall or hang<br>
sheets on a clothesline to dry. But if, say, you see a spider dangling<br>
at the bottom of one of those silk threads that spiders extrude, use<br>
{tlhep}. Or if you see a pair of shoes tied together by the laces and,<br>
for whatever reason, they're hanging by the tied-together laces from an<br>
overhead power wire, use {tlhep}.<br>
== Okrand quote end ==<br>
<br>
Okrand agreed that {jIb'egh} is "suicide by hanging".<br>
<br>
Next, there was a question about a "concubine":<br>
== Okrand quote ==<br>
Maltz thought the best word for this might be {lIwnal}, though maybe<br>
not: the cultural connotations are a bit different since, in Klingon<br>
culture, everything associated with a {lIwnal} lacks honor, and this is<br>
not necessarily the case for a (Terran) king's concubines or courtesans.<br>
Note that only married people could have a partner who could be<br>
considered a {lIwnal}. Also, {lIwnal} could be male or female, so if<br>
it's necessary to distinguish, say {loD lIwnal} or {be' lIwnal}.<br>
== Okrand quote end ==<br>
<br>
More words:<br>
{ghenlan} - Greenland (country)<br>
{qaw'} - flip over<br>
{qaw'moH} - flip over (i.e. "make something flip over")<br>
{rIv} - split<br>
{vIrgh} - rip (up), slash, tear (up), gash<br>
{'o'nI'} - foam, froth<br>
<br>
Not new words, but combined translations:<br>
{DeSwar bIr} - refrigerator<br>
{jorchan velqa'} - stage decoration<br>
{much jech} - costume<br>
{much yaH} - stage<br>
{qab jech} - mask<br>
<br>
Transliterations:<br>
{qo'qa' qo'la'} - Coca Cola<br>
{lIyenIn} - Lenin<br>
{maw} - Mao<br>
<br>
The question for a "stage" was answered with a general statement:<br>
== Okrand quote ==<br>
Any place specifically designated for the performance of a specific task<br>
(or tasks) is a {yaH}. A stage is the {yaH} for the performance of<br>
plays or, perhaps, music. A football field is the {yaH} for a football<br>
game. A laboratory is a scientist's {yaH}. And, of course, on a ship, a<br>
{yaH} is a duty station. If context isn't enough to clarify what sort<br>
of {yaH} it is, you can say things like {much yaH}, {QoQ yaH},<br>
{tamlerQeD yaH}, etc.<br>
== Okrand quote end ==<br>
<br>
There's an idiom for "kill time": {'ebmey jonHa'}<br>
<br>
Talking about a "virgin", Okrand suggested saying it literally what a<br>
virgin is:<br>
{pagh ngaghpu'bogh be'} or {not vay' ngaghpu'bogh be'}<br>
<br>
Doing so, he answered the question if {ngagh} can be used with people.<br>
<br>
And in case anyone wondered, {jach} is a good verb to describe what a<br>
{jajlo' Qa'} does.<br>
<br>
<br>
--<br>
Lieven L. Litaer<br>
aka the "Klingon Teacher from Germany"<br>
<a href="http://www.klingonisch.de" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.klingonisch.de</a><br>
<a href="http://klingon.wiki/En/Hamletmachine" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://klingon.wiki/En/Hamletmachine</a><br>
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</blockquote></div></div>