<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class="">According to my dictionary, “propagate” means:<div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><span id="m_en_gbus0821090.005" class="se2 x_xd1 hasSn" style="display: block; margin-top: 0.3em; margin-bottom: 0.7em; margin-left: 1em; font-family: -apple-system; font-size: 13.4399995803833px;"><span class="sn x_xdh ty_label tg_se2 gp" style="font-weight: 600; color: -apple-system-secondary-label; margin-left: -1em; margin-right: 0.1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; display: inline;">1 </span><span id="m_en_gbus0821090.006" class="msDict t_first x_xd1sub" style="display: inline; margin-left: 0em;"><span d:def="1" role="text" class="df"><span apple_mouseover_highlight="1" class="">breed</span> specimens of (a plant or animal) by natural processes <span apple_mouseover_highlight="1" class="">from</span> <span apple_mouseover_highlight="1" class="">the</span> parent stock<d:def class=""></d:def></span><span role="text" class="tg_df gp">: </span><span role="text" class="eg"><span class="ex" style="font-style: italic;">try propagating your own houseplants from <span apple_mouseover_highlight="1" class="">cuttings</span></span><span class="tg_eg gp">. </span></span><span role="text" class="gp tg_msDict"></span></span><span id="m_en_gbus0821090.012" class="hasSn x_xd1sub t_subsense msDict" style="display: block; margin-left: 1em;"><span role="text" class="sn gp tg_msDict" style="font-weight: 600; color: -apple-system-secondary-label; margin-left: -1em; margin-right: 0.1em;">• </span><span role="text" class="gg" style="font-style: italic; color: -apple-system-secondary-label; font-size: 12.633600234985352px;"><span class="tg_gg gp">[</span>no <span class="sy"><span apple_mouseover_highlight="1" class="">object</span></span><span class="tg_gg gp">] </span></span><span role="text" class="df">(<span apple_mouseover_highlight="1" class="">of</span> a plant or animal) reproduce by natural <span apple_mouseover_highlight="1" class="">processes</span></span><span role="text" class="tg_df gp">: </span><span role="text" class="eg"><span class="ex" style="font-style: italic;">the plant propagates freely from stem cuttings</span><span class="tg_eg gp">. </span></span></span><span class="x_xdt gp tg_se2"></span></span><span id="m_en_gbus0821090.014" class="se2 x_xd1 hasSn" style="display: block; margin-top: 0.3em; margin-bottom: 0.7em; margin-left: 1em; font-family: -apple-system; font-size: 13.4399995803833px;"><span class="sn x_xdh ty_label tg_se2 gp" style="font-weight: 600; color: -apple-system-secondary-label; margin-left: -1em; margin-right: 0.1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; display: inline;"><span apple_mouseover_highlight="1" class="">2</span> </span><span id="m_en_gbus0821090.015" class="msDict t_first x_xd1sub" style="display: inline; margin-left: 0em;"><span d:def="1" role="text" class="df">spread and promote (an idea, theory, etc.) widely<d:def class=""></d:def></span><span role="text" class="tg_df gp">: </span><span role="text" class="eg"><span class="ex" style="font-style: italic;">the French propagated the idea that the English were violent and gluttonous drunkards</span><span class="tg_eg gp">. </span></span></span><span class="x_xdt gp tg_se2"></span></span><span id="m_en_gbus0821090.016" class="se2 x_xd1 hasSn" style="display: block; margin-top: 0.3em; margin-bottom: 0.7em; margin-left: 1em; font-family: -apple-system; font-size: 13.4399995803833px;"><span class="sn x_xdh ty_label tg_se2 gp" style="font-weight: 600; color: -apple-system-secondary-label; margin-left: -1em; margin-right: 0.1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; display: inline;">3 </span><span id="m_en_gbus0821090.017" class="msDict t_first x_xd1sub" style="display: inline; margin-left: 0em;"><span d:def="1" role="text" class="df">(<span apple_mouseover_highlight="1" class="">with reference to</span> motion, light, sound, etc.) transmit or be <span apple_mouseover_highlight="1" class="">transmitted</span> in a particular direction or through a medium<d:def class=""></d:def></span><span role="text" class="tg_df gp">: </span><span role="text" class="eg"><span role="text" class="gg" style="font-style: italic; color: -apple-system-secondary-label; font-size: 12.633600234985352px;"><span class="tg_gg gp">[</span>with <span class="sy"><span apple_mouseover_highlight="1" class="">object</span></span><span class="tg_gg gp">] </span></span><span class="ex" style="font-style: italic;"><span class="lbl" style="color: -apple-system-secondary-label;">: </span>electromagnetic effects can be propagated at a finite <span apple_mouseover_highlight="1" class="">velocity</span> <span apple_mouseover_highlight="1" class="">only</span> through material substances</span><span class="tg_eg gp"> | </span></span><span role="text" class="eg"><span role="text" class="gg" style="font-style: italic; color: -apple-system-secondary-label; font-size: 12.633600234985352px;"><span class="tg_gg gp">[</span>no <span class="sy">object</span><span class="tg_gg gp">] </span></span><span class="ex" style="font-style: italic;"><span class="lbl" style="color: -apple-system-secondary-label;">: </span>a <span apple_mouseover_highlight="1" class="">hydraulic fracture</span> is generally expected to propagate in a vertical <span apple_mouseover_highlight="1" class="">plane</span></span><span class="tg_eg gp"> | </span></span><span role="text" class="eg"><span class="fg"><span class="tg_fg gp">(</span>as <span class="sy">adjective </span><span class="f" style="font-weight: 600;">propagated</span><span class="tg_fg gp">) </span></span><span class="ex" style="font-style: italic;"><span class="lbl" style="color: -apple-system-secondary-label;">: </span>a propagated electrical signal</span><span class="tg_eg gp">.</span></span></span></span><div class=""><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div class="">
<div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;">The first meaning applies to plants or animals, and the gloss only mentions that it doesn’t apply to plants. Odd that he doesn’t just say it has nothing to do with breeding, be it plants or animals. Since that’s very ambiguous — it could mean that it does apply to animals, or it could mean that he simply didn’t think about animals when he wrote the gloss — we are not served well by this definition.</div><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><br class=""></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;">The primary link between traveling through time and all these definitions of propagate is that idea of moving through time. As an idea propagates through time, it gets modified and distributed across populations. As a genetic trait propagates, again, it distributes itself within a population over time. As light or heat or electric charge propagates through a medium, again, it relates to the passage of time and dispersion.</div><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><br class=""></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;">It tends to relate to the questions of where something goes and how it changes or causes change over time.</div><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><br class=""></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Or something else. I don’t know. I’m trying to help, but I think we’re all pretty helpless here.</div><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline">charghwI’ vaghnerya’ngan<br class=""><br class="">rInpa’ bomnIS be’’a’ pI’.</div>
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<div><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On Mar 25, 2020, at 5:16 PM, Lieven L. Litaer <<a href="mailto:levinius@gmx.de" class="">levinius@gmx.de</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=""><div class="">I have again one of these annoying but important transitivity questions.<br class="">It's a bit influenced by the point that I don't know the English word:<br class=""><br class="">{vIb} "travel trough time", can also mean "propagate", and we are told<br class="">that it's not about plants.<br class=""><br class="">So what does "propagate" mean, and how would I use that? Does anyone<br class="">remember if Okrand said something about it?<br class=""><br class="">One example of the "travel" version shows that vIb is transitive. Would<br class="">also work with propagate?<br class=""><br class=""><br class="">--<br class="">Lieven L. Litaer<br class="">aka the "Klingon Teacher from Germany"<br class=""><a href="http://www.klingonisch.de" class="">http://www.klingonisch.de</a><br class="">http://www.klingonwiki.net/Word/VIb<br class="">_______________________________________________<br class="">tlhIngan-Hol mailing list<br class="">tlhIngan-Hol@lists.kli.org<br class="">http://lists.kli.org/listinfo.cgi/tlhingan-hol-kli.org<br class=""></div></div></blockquote></div><br class=""></div></body></html>