<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div class="">I always remembered {bIng} as “down” by imagining dropping a coin downward and hearing “bing”. I also imagine looking “up” and having a bird fly over: {Dung}.</div><br class=""><div class="">
<div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;">charghwI’ vaghnerya’ngan<br class=""><br class="">rInpa’ bomnIS be’’a’ pI’.</div><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;" class=""><br class=""></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
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<div><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On Feb 19, 2020, at 8:54 AM, SuStel <<a href="mailto:sustel@trimboli.name" class="">sustel@trimboli.name</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class="">
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<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 2/19/2020 1:30 AM, De'vID wrote:<br class="">
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<blockquote type="cite" cite="mid:CA+7zAmNoZJhndyRsdasz-3wOQ2xZ5GUWP=TXdxf3f9=cVaTv5A@mail.gmail.com" class="">
<div class="">Someone (Visirius) posted this about ablaut reduplication on
the Klingon Discord recently and it seems relevant to {vIqraq}:</div>
<div class=""><a href="https://www.rd.com/culture/ablaut-reduplication/" moz-do-not-send="true" class="">https://www.rd.com/culture/ablaut-reduplication/</a><br class="">
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<div class="">Does Klingon also follow this pattern? That is, are there
words that sound like *{vaqrIq} instead? The only one that comes
to mind is {raS'IS} (which is not *{rIS'aS}).</div>
</blockquote><p class="">I don't know about this particular rule, but I do know that
Okrand has given such things thought. We have the words <b class="">Dung</b><i class="">
area above</i> and <b class="">bIng</b><i class=""> area below,</i> which sound
exactly backwards to an English-speaker's ear (which tends to have
front-vowels for <i class="">up</i> and back-vowels for <i class="">down</i>). I
believe Okrand confirmed — though I cannot cite a source; it may
have been a conversation at a qep'a' — that he did this
intentionally.</p><p class="">It's also possible that Okrand doesn't know about ablaut
reduplication and lets his English bias bleed into Klingon.<br class="">
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<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">--
SuStel
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://trimboli.name/">http://trimboli.name</a></pre>
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