<div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Tue, Jan 21, 2020 at 9:22 AM SuStel <<a href="mailto:sustel@trimboli.name">sustel@trimboli.name</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
<div><p>Ungrammatical. No, there's no rule against it, but it's obviously
not said this way. The <b>chaH</b> is NOT the verb <i>are.</i>
It's the pronoun <i>they, them.</i> In Klingon, pronouns are not
verbs, even when they are the center of a copula sentence.<br></p></div></blockquote><div><div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif" class="gmail_default">I'm not sure it's quite so clearly defined as that. Copula pronouns can take verbal suffixes, after all. And we know from the latest qepHom (<a href="http://www.qephom.de/book/qepHom2019_p_21.jpg">http://www.qephom.de/book/qepHom2019_p_21.jpg</a>) that not all Klingons analyze words into distinct parts of speech the same way. It's possible that a Klingon might consider <b>chaH</b> to be both a pronoun and a verb, in the same way that some people analyze <b>ret</b> as both a noun and a verb in different contexts.<br></div><div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif" class="gmail_default"><br></div><div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif" class="gmail_default">To me, <b>jaghpu' chaH chaH'e'</b> doesn't feel ungrammatical so much as redundant or a bit clumsy, like the speaker missed some shorter way to express the same idea. If <b>chaH</b> <i>is</i> conceived of solely as a pronoun, I wonder if something like <b>jaghpu' chaH'e'</b> would work to emphasize/topicalize it.<br></div><div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif" class="gmail_default"><br></div><div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif" class="gmail_default"><br></div></div><div><br></div></div></div></div>