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<p class="MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> mayqel qunen'oS<br>
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">> {bej} and {na'} slang are defined as "be sure, be definite, be positive, be certain".
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">> If I write {jIbej} then does this mean "I'm certain" as in "I'm sure, I have no doubt",<br>
> or "I am the certain" whatever that means ?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">> [….]
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">> When we say a fact is certain, we mean that the fact is certain; it is actual, it<br>
> can't be disputed. When we say {jIbej}, does it mean "I am certain", as in "I'm<br>
> sure", or would it mean "I'm actual, undisputed, etc. ?"<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:4.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">(KGT 145): The verb {bej} literally means “watch”, though its slang usage is probably influenced by the verb suffix {-bej} (“certainly, undoubtedly”; compare
{voq}, “trust”, and {voqbej}, “certainly trust”). It is used in such forms as {jIbej} (I am positive [about something I just said] - literally, “I watch”) or {bIbej'a'?} (Are you sure? - literally, “Do you watch?”). Unlike the verb {na'} (“be salty”), which
has an identical slang meaning (see below), the verb {bej} may be used when there is an object: {HIvrup 'e' vIbej} (“I am positive they're ready to attack”; literally, “I watch that they're ready to attack”). The notions expressed by {bej} can be conveyed
without slang with a word such as {Honbe'} (not doubt) or by making use of the verb suffix {-bej}, as in {HIvrupbej} (They're certainly ready to attack).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><br>
(KGT 155-57): The word {na'} literally means "be salty," but its slang usage is probably influenced by the noun suffix {-na'} (definite), which is used when the speaker wants to indicate that he or she is absolutely sure about what is being said (compare {maghwI'},
"traitor," and {maghwI'na'} "definite traitor, without a doubt a traitor"). The slang word, a verb, is used in such constructions as {jIna'} (I am positive [about something I just said]; literally, “I am salty”] and {bIna''a'} (Are you sure?; literally, “Are
you salty?”). These kinds of meanings may be expressed without using slang by employing such verbs as {Honbe'} (not doubt) or {Sovbej} (know for certain).
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">FYI the noun is {DIch} “certainty” as in:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"> SIS 'e' 'aqlu', javmaH vatlhvI' DIch
<br>
It is predicted it will rain, 60% certainty. (qep'a' 2017)<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Daniel:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">>> Ah, I think I understand your question now. It might help to re-ask it as
<br>
>> something like “is the subject of {bej} a {ghot} who has no doubt, or a<br>
>> {ngoD} which can’t be disputed?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">>> To which I don’t know the answer, but my intuition is that it’s a person.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Reading KGT, it seems that Okrand understands the subject of {bej} and {na’} to be a person.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">--<br>
Voragh<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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