<html><head><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body dir="auto"><div dir="ltr"><span></span></div><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><span></span></div><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"></div><div dir="ltr" style="direction: rtl;"><br></div><div dir="ltr">On Feb 22, 2019, at 15:05, Lieven L. Litaer <<a href="mailto:levinius@gmx.de">levinius@gmx.de</a>> wrote:<br><br></div><blockquote type="cite"><div dir="ltr">Isn't there anyone here who speaks arabic, or a different languages that has not to-be verb? That would interesting to find out how they do that.</div></blockquote><br><div>Actually Arabic DOES have a verb “to be”; it’s just not used as a copula in the present tense. (It also has a different and very interesting verb-like particle used as a negative copula.) I’m very rusty in Arabic so I’m not going to embarrass myself by attempting a translation of “why do I need to be there” in Arabic, but I don’t really believe the “to be” in this English sentence truly means “to be” in an existential or identity sense.</div><div><br></div><div>Usually when we use pronouns as copulas in Klingon for “to be” sentences, we’re really talking about identity (tlhIngan maH; raS 'oH; HoD ghaH; yIH bIH), which is not the case in this sentence. “Why do I need to be there” is really asking why my presence is required, which is why in my Klingon suggestions I used jISaHnIS and vIpoQlu'.</div></div></div></body></html>