<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Or perhaps even <br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><b>vIghojmeH tlhIngan Hol qaq law' vulqangan Hol qaq puS.</b><br></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr">On Mon, Dec 10, 2018 at 12:23 PM SuStel <<a href="mailto:sustel@trimboli.name">sustel@trimboli.name</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
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<div class="gmail-m_-2145648571572325010moz-cite-prefix">On 12/10/2018 11:57 AM, mayqel qunenoS
wrote:<br>
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<blockquote type="cite">
<pre class="gmail-m_-2145648571572325010moz-quote-pre">In english one can say:
"I learn klingon rather than vulcan" ; meaning simply "I don't learn
vulcan, I learn klingon".
On the other hand one can say "I'd rather learn klingon instead of
vulcan", expressing a preference: "I prefer to learn klingon instead
of vulcan".
So, the question is, is the {'e' qa'} just a "neutral" "rather/instead
of", or is it (too) the wishful "I'd rather ?"
The way I understand it, it seems to be the neutral variant, but I
would like to make certain.</pre>
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<p>In English the preference is expressed by <i>I'd rather</i> or <i>I'd
prefer,</i> not by the <i>instead of</i> or <i>rather than.</i>
Klingon <b>'e' qa'</b> is neutral as to preference.<br>
</p>
<p>In Klingon these could be expressed thus:</p>
<blockquote>
<p><b>tlhIngan Hol vIghoj; vulqangan Hol vIghoj 'e' qa'.<br>
</b><i>I learn Klingon instead of Vulcan.</i></p>
<p><b>tlhIngan Hol vIghoj 'e' vImaS; vulqangan Hol vIghoj 'e'
vImaS 'e' qa'.<br>
</b><i>I prefer to learn Klingon instead of Vulcan.</i></p>
</blockquote>
<pre class="gmail-m_-2145648571572325010moz-signature" cols="72">--
SuStel
<a class="gmail-m_-2145648571572325010moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://trimboli.name" target="_blank">http://trimboli.name</a></pre>
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