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<p class="MsoNormal">You’re right. Checking my notes I see that Okrand always translates
<b>qa’ </b>as “spirit” not “soul”. I guess he doesn’t want to be drawn into religious/occult speculation. (BTW what is the practical difference between a spirit and a soul or a life force?):<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">(KGT 117): Note that the word for <i>spirit</i>, <b>qa'</b>, takes the plural suffix –<b>pu'</b>, which is used for beings capable of using language. Spirits do speak.
<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">(st.k 7/19/1999): … the plural of <b>Qun</b> [<i>god, supernatural being</i>] is
<b>Qunpu'</b> since they are or were presumably capable of using language, which is what the plural suffix -<b>pu'</b> implies …
<b>Qunpu'</b> are distinct from <b>qa'pu'</b> <i>spirits</i> (such as the spirits of the dishonored dead which reside at Gre'thor).<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">(MO to Lieven, 11/23?/2008): <b>nIyma'</b> is the Klingon word for
<i>phantom</i> or <i>apparition</i>--something that seems to appear, but isn't really there. It's not the same as
<i>ghost</i>, which is the spirit of a dead person (and may or may not look like that person, or may not be visible at all), and it's not the same as
<i>spirit</i> (or <b>qa'</b>), which is sort of a life force within a person (that escapes when a person dies and may exist somewhere somehow). He said using
<b>qa'</b> for <i>ghost</i> was OK, but I got the impression there may be another word as well (though he didn't offer one).
<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>yab </b>however<b> </b>has been expanded in KGT:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">(KGT 88): Some of the other commonly eaten parts include … <b>
QoghIj </b>("brain"; another word, <b>yab</b>, also means <i>brain</i> as an organ, but in addition it means
<i>mind</i>, <i>intellect</i> and is not used in reference to food.<br>
<br>
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">“Gloss” as we use it here refers to a one- or two-word translation – like in the vocabulary lists of The Klingon Dictionary – as opposed to a longer, more detailed
definition. (E.g. soul – that part of a person’s eternal, unique essence which survives after death, etc., etc.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Strictly speaking, a gloss is a just brief annotation to a text. According to WikiPedia:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:.5in">A <b>gloss</b> (from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_language" title="Latin language">
Latin</a> <i>glossa</i>; from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">
Greek</a> γλῶσσα <i>(glóssa)</i>, meaning "language") is a brief notation, especially a
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marginalia" title="Marginalia">marginal</a> one or an
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interlinear_gloss" title="Interlinear gloss">
interlinear</a> one, of the meaning of a word or wording in a text. It may be in the language of the text, or in the reader's language if that is different. A collection of glosses is a
<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary" title="Glossary">glossary</a>.</i> A collection of medieval legal glosses, made by
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossators" title="Glossators">glossators</a>, is called an
<i>apparatus</i>. The compilation of glosses into glossaries was the beginning of
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexicography" title="Lexicography">lexicography</a>, and the glossaries so compiled were in fact the first
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary" title="Dictionary">dictionaries</a>.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Read the whole article at
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloss_(annotation)">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloss_(annotation)</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">--Voragh<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> mayqel qunenoS<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">> qa' spirit, soul (n)</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">> yab mind, intellect (n)</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Have we officially received the glosses (soul and intellect) for the respective words ?</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">I have no idea what a "gloss" is; I hear all the time people using this word, so I thought of using it too, although I don't know what it is.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">~ nI'ghma</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">On Dec 27, 2017 17:13, "Steven Boozer" <<a href="mailto:sboozer@uchicago.edu">sboozer@uchicago.edu</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Klingon Word of the Day for Wednesday, December 27, 2017<br>
<br>
Klingon word: qatra'<br>
Part of speech: noun<br>
Definition: Katra (vulcan soul)<br>
Source: qepHom 2017<br>
_______________________________________________<br>
<br>
Apparently provided for an episode of ST Discovery. Lieven, do you know which one?<br>
<br>
SEE ALSO:<br>
qa' spirit, soul (n)<br>
yab mind, intellect (n)<br>
<br>
Heghpu'wI' dead (person) (n)<br>
jatyIn spiritual possession [by the dead] (n)<br>
<br>
--<br>
Voragh<br>
Ca'Non Master of the Klingons<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
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