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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Since it’s what I do, let’s look how Okrand has used these verbs in the past:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.3in;text-indent:-.3in;line-height:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
<span style="font-family:Pica">WAITRESS: Do you understand the menu, Terran?<br>
<b>HIDjolev Dayaj'a', tera'ngan?</b></span><b><span style="font-family:Pica"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.3in;text-indent:-.3in;line-height:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
<span style="font-family:Pica">TOURIST: No, help me!<br>
<b>ghobe'. HIboQ!<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.3in;text-indent:-.3in;line-height:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
<span style="font-family:Pica">WAITRESS: Do you trust me?<br>
<b>chovoq'a'?<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.3in;text-indent:-.3in;line-height:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
<span style="font-family:Pica">TOURIST: Yes, I trust you.<br>
<b>HIja'</b>,<b> qavoq.<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.3in;text-indent:-.3in;line-height:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
<span style="font-family:Pica">WAITRESS: I'll bring you dinner number three. I'll bring tea also.<br>
<b>SoHvaD 'uQ wej vIqem. Dargh vIqem je.<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>wuv'eghlaH </b><br>
<b>boQ lupoQbe' </b><br>
<b>tlhIngan chaH</b> (PB)<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">[translation unavailable] PB<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>QaH! nom QaH yIqem!<br>
</b>Help!<b> </b>Get help quickly!<b> </b>CK<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.2in;text-indent:-.2in;line-height:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
<b>ghoQaH!</b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.2in;text-indent:-.2in;line-height:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
[<i>Help us</i>!<i> (untranslated</i>)] ST6 [during attack on <i>Kronos One</i>]<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.2in;text-indent:-.2in;line-height:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
<b>choQaHpu'neS</b> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.2in;text-indent:-.2in;line-height:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
You, honored one, have helped me. KGT<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.2in;text-indent:-.2in;line-height:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
<b>muQaHpu'neS</b> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.2in;text-indent:-.2in;line-height:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
He/she, whom I honor, has helped me. KGT<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.2in;text-indent:-.2in;line-height:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
<b>batlh muQaHpu'</b> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.2in;text-indent:-.2in;line-height:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
He/she has helped me in an honored way. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.2in;text-indent:-.2in;line-height:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
He/she has helped me with honor. KGT<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.2in;text-indent:-.2in;line-height:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
<b>batlh choQaHpu'</b> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.2in;text-indent:-.2in;line-height:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
You have helped me in an honored way. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.2in;text-indent:-.2in;line-height:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
You have helped me with honor. KGT<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.2in;text-indent:-.2in;line-height:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
<b><span style="color:#C00000">tugh QInvam lulaDlaH ghojwI'pu' chu' 'ej QaHnISbe' jatlhwI'pu' po'qu'</span></b>.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.2in;text-indent:-.2in;line-height:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"> (untranslated)
</span>[Maltz/Okrand to 12th <b>qepHom'a'</b> students]<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.2in;text-indent:-.2in;line-height:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
<b><span style="color:red">qaQaH DaneHbe'chugh…</span></b> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.2in;text-indent:-.2in;line-height:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
If you don't want my help… PB<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.2in;text-indent:-.2in;line-height:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
<b><span style="color:red">tlhIngan Do'Ha' vIQaHlaH'a'</span></b> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.2in;text-indent:-.2in;line-height:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
Can I help a fellow Klingon in need? PB<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.2in;text-indent:-.2in;line-height:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
<b><span style="color:red">luqara' retlhwIjDaq yIba'neS <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.2in;text-indent:-.2in;line-height:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
<b><span style="color:red"> 'ej lutwIj yIQoy </span></b><br>
<b><span style="color:red">choQaHlaw'</span></b> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.2in;text-indent:-.2in;line-height:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
[translation unavailable] PB<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">No surprises, but it’s nice that he’s outlined his reasoning. And Okrand didn’t mention it, but there’s a relatively new verb from
<i>Star Trek Into Darkness</i>: <b>vuy </b><i>be helpful, supportive</i>.<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color:red"> jIvuylaH. jIve'. <br>
</span></b>I am here to help you. STID<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">--<br>
Voragh<br>
Ca'Non Master of the Klingons<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> tlhIngan-Hol [mailto:tlhingan-hol-bounces@lists.kli.org]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>David Holt<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><i><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">For a project I am involved in I wanted to clarify the differences and similarities of
<b>boQ</b> and <b>QaH</b>, so I asked Dr. Okrand for clarification. What follows is the complete and unedited response that he gave:</span></i><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><br>
<br>
Regarding <b>QaH</b> and <b>boQ</b> – There’s a good deal of overlap, and either one can be used in many (maybe most) situations. The main difference is really one of connotation. In general,
<b>QaH</b> would be used in situations where the person needing help can’t do whatever needs to be done without assistance of some kind, while
<b>boQ</b> would be used in situations where the person might be able to do the task alone, but it’s easier or better or more efficient if someone helps out. <br>
<br>
The object of <b>boQ</b> (the recipient of the aid) retains responsibility for the activity being aided. The person
<b>boQ</b>-ing is secondary (though not necessarily unimportant!).<br>
<br>
The object of <b>QaH</b> can’t do whatever it is alone, so responsibility falls to the person
<b>QaH</b>-ing (or responsibility is shared).<br>
<br>
Someone who falls into a river and is unable to swim would not shout out <b>HIboQ!</b>.<br>
<br>
Someone who can’t reach the top shelf would probably ask another person for <b>boQ</b> to get something down from the shelf (even though the task could be done alone if the person used a stepladder or stool or something). If the person tried it alone and boxes
toppled down from the top shelf onto the person, immobilizing him/her, you’d probably hear the buried person ask for
<b>QaH</b>.<br>
<br>
It would be odd to use <b>QaHwI’</b> to refer to an administrative aide; that’s a
<b>boQ</b>.<br>
<br>
A parent probably wouldn’t <b>QaH</b> a child with a homework assignment.<br>
<br>
There is nothing weak about asking for <b>QaH</b> (when help is warranted), but an offer to
<b>QaH</b> in a situation where you’d expect to hear an offer to <b>boQ</b> may sometimes be mildly insulting, implying that the offerer questions the offeree’s ability to do something.<br>
<br>
Having said all of that… The distinction is not always clear nor does it always matter, which is why the words are mostly interchangeable. <br>
<br>
<i>Assist</i> would probably be translated as <b>boQ</b> most of the time. Other than in a few contexts, both
<i>help</i> and <i>aid</i> could be translated as either <b>boQ</b> or <b>QaH</b>.<br>
<br>
(David’s <b>boQwI’</b> app is aptly named.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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