<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_extra"><div class="gmail_quote">On Wed, Oct 4, 2017 at 3:58 PM, SuStel <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:sustel@trimboli.name" target="_blank">sustel@trimboli.name</a>></span> wrote:<span class=""></span><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div text="#000000" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><p>No. In <b>jIHvaD qab,</b> nothing has happened to you. The
subject of <b>qab</b> has had a quality described, but it has not
acted upon you in any way. Here <b>jIH</b> is a benefactive, not
an indirect object.<br></p></div></blockquote><div>Nothing has happened to you (plural) when I <b>Sa'ang</b> my heart either, except possibly that I have caused photons of certain wavelengths to enter your eyes.</div><div><br></div><div>I'll grant that "prefix trick with stative verbs" is the least likely to be acceptable out of my three examples.<br></div></div><div class="gmail_quote"><span class=""></span><span class="">
</span><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div text="#000000" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><p>Meanwhile, TKD doesn't mention indirect objects or an indirect
object meaning of <b>-vaD</b> until the second edition and the
Addendum is published with it. Here it tells us, not that since <b>-vaD</b>
means "indirect object" that we should use it for indirect
objects; it's prescribing for us a new rule: you can signal an
indirect object by slapping a <b>-vaD</b> on it, because Klingons
consider the recipient of an action someone whom the action is <i>intended
for. </i>This was not deducible prior to the second edition TKD
and the canon that led to it</p></div></blockquote><div text="#000000" bgcolor="#FFFFFF">I am skeptical that using <b>-vaD</b> for the recipient of an action was not deducible prior to the addendum being published. Both of the examples in TKDa can be interpreted even when translating <b>-vaD</b> as a beneficiary marker. Was there actually some Usenet discussion in the intervening years where<b> -vaD</b> as an indirect object marker was considered too controversial to use? Or where the topic of indirect objects came up and nobody thought of <b>-vaD</b>? <br></div><div text="#000000" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><br></div><div text="#000000" bgcolor="#FFFFFF">To me, that section reads more like a clarification on how existing Klingon grammar is used to express a common bit of English syntax, described using English grammar terms, rather than describing an entirely new use or meaning of the suffix. (Similar to how Okrand described <b>tlhej</b> as being used to translate the idea of "with", without implying some kind of distinction between <b>tlhej</b> when it's used to translate "with" vs. when it's not.) The varying ways in which Okrand has described using <b>-vaD</b> over the years (as an "indirect object" or not) seem more like casual inconsistency in terminology rather than hints at some deeper underlying semantic distinction.<br></div><br><div text="#000000" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><br></div></div></div></div>