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    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 2/20/2017 11:03 AM, Ed Bailey wrote:<br>
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                      <div> naQjej rurmo' wot, ghantoH <chuH>
                        vIlo'. vay''e' chuHlu'bogh 'oSbej ?chuHlu'wI'
                        'e' SIbI' vItlhoj.</div>
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                <p><b>vay'e' chuHlu'bogh 'oSbej *chuHlu'wI' SIbI' 'e'
                    vItlhoj</b></p>
                <p>or</p>
                <p><b>SIbI' vay''e' chuHlu'bogh 'oHSbej *chuHlu'wI' 'e'
                    vItlhoj</b></p>
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            <div><'e'> tlha'laH chuvmey 'e' vIQub. 'a jIQochbe',
              <'e'> nung chuvmey vImaS je.<br>
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    <p><b>'e'</b> lutlha'laHbe' chuv. chaq <i>TKD</i> 6.7 mojaq <i>-'e'</i>
      je DaqelHa'.<br>
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            <div bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">In English passive
              voice, this is true. <b>-lu'</b> is not English passive
              voice. In Klingon, when <b>-lu'</b> is added, the object
              remains the object.<br>
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            <div>This is the language used to decribe what goes on in
              Klingon. My point is the construction i <br>
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    <p>Your sentence seems to have been cut off.</p>
    <p>The language used to describe what goes on in Klingon is
      "someone/something does something to me" and "someone/something
      does something to them," and so on. Only after giving examples in
      most combinations does TKD say "Verbs with <b>-lu'</b> are often
      translated into the English passive voice." It then gives the SAME
      examples translated into passive voice. The point is clearly not
      that what's happening in Klingon is grammatically equivalent to
      English passive voice; it simply means that passive voice is often
      a more colloquial translation. It sounds stilted to say
      "someone/something remembers you"; it sounds natural to say "you
      are remembered."<br>
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                      <div> So'bogh DoS DIp chu' jal rom chut je,</div>
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                <p><i>The rule of accord envisions a new, hidden target
                    noun</i>?<br>
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            <div>My language here is awkward. An example is called for.
              When {mulegh ghaH} is changed to {vIleghlu'}. The rule of
              accord requires the prefix {vI-}, so although semantically
              there is a null agent and first-person singular patient,
              grammatically the rule of accord treats this situation as
              if there were a first-person singular subject and
              third-person singular object, although that object is
              merely a grammatical fiction. This is clearly a special
              situation, and I have to wonder whether OVS accurately
              reflects how Klingon linguists would interpret it.<br>
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    <p><b>mulegh ghaH</b> is not changed to <b>vIleghlu'.</b> You
      construct <b>vIleghlu'</b> directly. There is no transformation
      from one to another. When I am thinking in Klingon and I intend to
      use an indefinite subject, my mind goes straight to <b>vI-</b>
      being the proper prefix.<br>
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    <p>The <b>vI-</b> prefix does not, according to the description in
      TKD, treat <b>vIleghlu'</b> as if it had a first-person singular
      subject and a third-person singular object. TKD explicitly says
      the prefixes are used to mean something else. With <b>-lu',</b> <b>vI-</b>
      MEANS first-person object. There's no grammatical fiction going
      on; the prefixes are simply reassigned for <b>-lu'.</b></p>
    <p>Now, is it possible that there is some "grammatical fiction"
      reason WHY the prefixes are reassigned? Maybe, but that's pure
      conjecture and there's no evidence for it anywhere.<br>
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                      <div> 'a potlhbe', mu'tlheghDaq DI'rujDaq ghap DoS
                        DIpqoqvam chu' tu'be'lu'mo'. wotvaD DoS DIp
                        'oHtaH nungbogh DIp'e'. moHaqvaD chuHwI' DIp
                        mojlaw' nungbogh DIp. ghu'vam vIqelmeH DIvI' Hol
                        qechmey /subject/ /object/ je, jImISqu'choH.
                        'ach vuDlIj QIjmeH /subject/ /object/ je wuv
                        SuStel. rarchu'be' tlhIngan Hol, qechmeyvam je
                        'e' vIQub.<br>
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                      <div>ghu'vam le'mo', SuStel vuD vIHon. latlh meq
                        vIghaj. 'oSlaHbe' wot'e' tlhejbogh <-lu'>
                        <-wI'> je, 'eb lonlu'pu' 'ej pagh chavlu'.</div>
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                <p>Hoch 'eb jon Hol 'e' SaHbe' Hol.<br>
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            <div>'a chaq SaH tlhInganpu'. 'eb tu'DI', lulo' 'e' bot nuq?
              lubotlaHbe'ba' tera'ngan Holtej. 'a 'eb lulo' luneHbe'
              tlhIngan, SIghlaHbe' je tera'ngan Holtej.<br>
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    <p>Arguing over whether a Klingon would or would not care about a
      particular grammatical feature is not a useful line of reasoning,
      in my view.<br>
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            <div>DaH jIyevnIS 'a jItaHqa'. SuStel, choQaHqangmo'
              choquvmoH. qaQeHmoHmo' jIQoS. jItlhIj 'e' DalajlaH'a'?</div>
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    <p>HIja', 'ej DaH SoHvaD jItlhIj je. Doj QIjmeH QInlIj. jIQoch 'ach
      DaH batlh choghoHpu'.<br>
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    <pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">-- 
SuStel
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://trimboli.name">http://trimboli.name</a></pre>
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