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<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 12/3/2016 1:37 PM, mayqel qunenoS
wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote
cite="mid:CAP7F2c+VsBxe=Jz34auXHVKLLWMuQwbKkp5nxef-ZREswnjVKg@mail.gmail.com"
type="cite">
<p dir="ltr">suppose I want to say: "this world, this life, I hate
them". there are two ways to proceed:</p>
<p dir="ltr">{qo'vam yInvam je vImuS} <br>
{qo'vam yInvam vImuS}</p>
<p dir="ltr">I am wondering whether the {je} is necessary, thus
making the second sentence wrong.</p>
<p dir="ltr">I understand that perhaps at the second sentence one
could get the meaning that "I hate this life", and being left to
wonder what's the story with the {qo'vam}. but I think that
context would clarify that.</p>
<p dir="ltr">or perhaps without the {je}, someone could read "I
hate this life of this world". but again, would this possible
ambiguity be the problem, or is there some grammar reason
because of which I should use the {je} ?</p>
<p dir="ltr">perhaps I want this ambiguity, perhaps I find the
feeling of this sentence to be better without the {je}..</p>
<p dir="ltr">so, all I want to know is "is the {je} necessary" ?
is there some grammar reason because of which it is necessary ?</p>
</blockquote>
<br>
<p>Your English original isn't "I hate this world, this life";
instead, the object of "I hate" is "them," referring to the topics
you named before.</p>
<p>To get the same effect in Klingon, use <b>-'e'</b>:</p>
<p><b>qo'vam'e' yInvam'e' je vImuS</b></p>
<p>Here I've made the two topics the object of the verb (but see
below), in which case I definitely need to use a conjunction.</p>
<p>There's another way to say this:</p>
<p><b>qo'vam'e' yInvam'e' [je?] bIH vImuS</b></p>
<p>In this case, the topic words are living in the same space that
locations and indirect objects live, and aren't the object of the
verb (which is <b>bIH</b>). It's unclear whether words of the
same syntactic type (in this case, topics) need to be conjoined.</p>
<p>But watch this: since I can elide the <b>bIH,</b> the sentence
can look like this:</p>
<p><b>qo'vam'e' yInvam'e' [je?] vImuS</b></p>
<p>Now we see it's actually impossible to tell whether the topic
words are objects of the verb or non-objects living in the
"header" space. <i>If</i> the <b>je</b> is not required on like
"header" words then lacking the <b>je</b> would force the
"header" interpretation.</p>
<p>So the answer to your question, "is the <b>je</b> necessary?" is
maybe.</p>
<p><b>qo' yIn je DamuSchugh bIghIQnISba'.</b><br>
</p>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">--
SuStel
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://trimboli.name">http://trimboli.name</a></pre>
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