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<p><span style="font-size: 12pt;">jatlh SuStel:</span></p>
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<p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">> </span><a href="http://www.engvid.com/modals-of-necessity/"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Here's</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> an excellent video explanation of the difference between</span></p>
<p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><i><span style="font-size: 12pt;">> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">need</span></i><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> and
</span><i><span style="font-size: 12pt;">have to</span></i><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> (and
</span><i><span style="font-size: 12pt;">have to</span></i><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> equals
</span><i><span style="font-size: 12pt;">must</span></i><span style="font-size: 12pt;">). It says that
</span><i><span style="font-size: 12pt;">have to</span></i></p>
<p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><i></i><span style="font-size: 12pt;">> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">focuses on the consequences of not doing something, while
</span><i><span style="font-size: 12pt;">need</span></i></p>
<p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><i></i><span style="font-size: 12pt;">> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">focuses on the benefit of doing something. If you
</span><i><span style="font-size: 12pt;">have to</span></i><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> do</span></p>
<p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">something, there is some agency requiring it of you; this is not</span></p>
<p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">the case with
</span><i><span style="font-size: 12pt;">need.</span></i><br>
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">However, the reality isn't all that clear-cut. People interchange</span></span></p>
<p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span><i style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">need, must,</span></i><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> and
</span><i style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">have to</span></i><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> all the time.</span><br>
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<p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br>
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<p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">I agree with SuStel that you can't "</span><span style="font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols; font-size: 12pt;">count
too much on these terms having distinct meanings when used in colloquial English." </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">In my own use of English I mostly use them interchangeably with no difference of meaning. When I do distinguish them (as in "I don't
have to, I need to"), it's not a question of consequence versus benefit, but rather a question of choice versus reason. I agree that "have to" implies some sort of agency that will force you, if you choose not to and "need to" implies there is a purpose to
the action (either obtaining benefit or avoiding consequence). But I interpret the agency of "have to " pretty broadly in my use.</span></span></p>
<p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br>
</span></p>
<p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">I have to go to the grocery </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">store, because if I don't, then my body will rebel against me and begin to shut down. In a strict
interpretation, I don't HAVE to go to the store - I could just lie here and die. But in reality, it's not actually much of a choice and</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> I do HAVE to go to the store.</span></span></p>
<p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br>
</span></p>
<p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">If, someone </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">in the Klingon High</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">
Council simply said, {maSachnIS}. They might possibly mean that the benefits to Empire would be so great that it is the only sensible choice. But once they add {</span><span style="color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">mataHmeH
maSachnIS}, it no longer becomes a choice. "IF we are going to continue, the only course of action</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> that leads to that result is expanding." "In order to continue, we have to expand, not need to, but have to." The rules
of the universe demand it!</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-size: 15px;"><span style="color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-size: 15px;"><br>
</span></span></span></p>
<p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-size: 15px;"><span style="color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">And what about the sentence {</span><span style="color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">yInlu'taH
'e' bajnISlu'}. It doesn't imply the same thing as {yInluHtaH 'e' bajchughlu'} "If you work hard, you can survive</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">." Working hard is not a good idea because it results in </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">a benefit
of survival. Working hard is the only path to survival. If you want to survive, then your only choice is working hard.</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-size: 15px;"><span style="color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-size: 15px;"><span style="color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-size: 15px;"><br>
</span></span></span></span></p>
<p><font color="#212121"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">I clearly see {-nIS} being used not only for desirable outcomes, but also for when no choice is given except to do the action tagged with {-nIS}. </span></font><span style="font-size: 15px; color: rgb(33, 33, 33);"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Who
exactly is forcing these choices or enforcing these </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">outcomes? I have difficulty limiting such agency in any usable way.</span></span></p>
<p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></p>
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<div><span style="color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols; font-size: 12pt;">{maSopnISbej.} Sure there is not an actual
person standing there force feeding us. None the less, there are forces at work which drive us to eat even when we don't really want to - perhaps even when we think it is a bad idea. If we haven't eaten in days and we come across rotting food that is likely
to cause us to be very sick, can't we still use {maSopnISbej} to describe the instinctual drive to eat even though we know it's a bad idea.</span><br>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span>
<p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">For instance, while
</span><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">nIteb SuvnIS DevwI'</span><i><span style="font-size: 12pt;">
</span></i></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">is translated with </span><i><span style="font-size: 12pt;">must</span></i></p>
<p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><i></i><span style="font-size: 12pt;">> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">instead of
</span><i><span style="font-size: 12pt;">need,</span></i><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> there is no sense in this sentence that any</span></p>
<p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">agency is imposing lone-fighting on a leader; rather, it's saying</span></p>
<p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">that a leader has a personal necessity of lone-fighting.</span></p>
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<p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Human nature dictates that others may abandon him. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Honor dictates that he must fight alone, even when abandoned. Psychology dictates that even when he is
not abandoned that because he is leading and the others are following, he will feel like he doing something different and thus</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> is alone. He has the choice to not fight and there is no being making him fight like a puppet
or threatening consequences if he doesn't, but there are many pressures pushing him forward into that fight.</span></p>
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<p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Let's draw up a scenario where Kirk and his crew are captured and forced to fight others. Perhaps for the amusement of their captors or perhaps for the right to be freed, or whatever. Kirk is
put into the arena with three opponents and argues that he should be allowed to have some of his crew members help him fight, but the captors refuse. Here there is clear agency. The captors are the one's setting the requirement to fight alone. Is it being
suggested that we cannot apply {nIteb SuvnIS DevwI'} to this situation?</span></p>
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<p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Jeremy</span></p>
<p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-size: 15px;"><span style="color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-size: 15px;"></span></span></p>
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