<html>
<head>
<meta content="text/html; charset=windows-1252"
http-equiv="Content-Type">
</head>
<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 11/14/2016 3:40 PM, mayqel qunenoS
wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote
cite="mid:CAP7F2c+1C2hzhD4yYoBTBbXWv21mx=R5qKLFrdpYsZD2F=imPg@mail.gmail.com"
type="cite">
<p dir="ltr">the {-nIS}, expresses "need"; it isn't equivalent
with the english "must".</p>
<p dir="ltr">if I write {jIQongnIS}, then this means "I need to
sleep". I need to sleep because I am exhausted. Similarly
{jISopnIS}, is "I need to eat"; I *need* to eat, because I'm
starving.</p>
<p dir="ltr">But what if I want to express "must" ? The must
doesn't necessarily express "need". Mainly it expresses
"obligation". Mainly it expresses "necessity".</p>
<p dir="ltr">So, I thought that perhaps in order to express the
"must", we could use the {'ut}.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Example: "because you're a bad cat, I must tickle
you" {vIghro' mIgh SoHmo' vIqotlh. 'ut.}<br>
</p>
</blockquote>
<br>
<p>Here's a better way: <b>vIghro' qab SoHmo' qaqotlh net raD</b><i>
because you are a bad cat, I am compelled to tickle you.</i></p>
<p><br>
<blockquote type="cite">However there is a problem. In the above
example, while the english sentence describes a necessity to
perform an action in the future (near or not so near), the
klingon one doesn't. It says "because you're a bad cat I tickle
you. it is necessary".
<p dir="ltr">So, in order to get the job done, we only need to
place a {tugh} in the beginning, or any other appropriate time
stamp and we're good to go.</p>
</blockquote>
</p>
<br>
<p>Your Klingon example does not express past, present, or future,
so one does not necessarily expect it to mean that you'll tickle
the cat RIGHT NOW. You're just being vague. Your time-stamp
solution is making the situation specific.</p>
<p>My use of <b>net raD</b> is not the One True Way of translating
<i>must,</i> but it often does a good job.</p>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">--
SuStel
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://trimboli.name">http://trimboli.name</a></pre>
</body>
</html>