<div dir="ltr">This ambiguity is real with -vaD but I think that common sense generally sorts out any seemingly strange phrases. If not, perhaps an author is trying to make a point, or emphasize something surreal, or be poetic. You will have to interpret the sentence in its context. For what it's worth, sometimes I've found a useful translation of -vaD to be "for the sake of."<div><br></div><div>wo'vaD yISub'eghmoH</div><div>For the sake of the empire, make yourself brave!</div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br clear="all"><div><div class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><font color="#808080" face="Arial, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.6667px"><br>--<br><br><a href="http://www.socialistalternative.org/" target="_blank">Socialist Alternative</a></span></font><div><font color="#808080" face="Arial, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.6667px"><a href="http://www.kli.org/" target="_blank">Klingon Language Institute</a></span></font></div></div></div></div></div></div>
<br><div class="gmail_quote">On Mon, Jul 4, 2016 at 3:12 AM, mayqel qunenoS <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:mihkoun@gmail.com" target="_blank">mihkoun@gmail.com</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">We know that the {-vaD}, is to be used only for the purpose of marking<br>
the beneficiary/indirect object.<br>
<br>
When we had discussed the definition of the beneficiary/indirect<br>
object, we said :<br>
<br>
"the beneficiary/indirect object, is the one affected in a different<br>
way than the direct object".<br>
<br>
So, now I will ask : What if there is an ambiguity, as far as the<br>
"whether the wanna-be indirect object is actually affected ?".<br>
<br>
Take this example for instance :<br>
<br>
ghawran says to a soldier : "for the klingon empire be brave !"<br>
<br>
Someone could argue that the klingon empire, isn't the beneficiary.<br>
Why ? Because it is not affected by the "being brave" of the<br>
individual warrior. If he's a coward, then that's his problem, qar'a'<br>
?<br>
<br>
Someone else though could say that the klingon empire is honored when<br>
a warrion is brave, therefore it is to be considered the beneficiary.<br>
<br>
So, what's the case here ?<br>
<br>
If anyone knows the answer, then please endarken me..<br>
<br>
mop Hurgh qunnoq<br>
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</blockquote></div><br></div>